Tenda/Dlink/Tplink TD-W8961ND – ‘DHCP’ Cross-Site Scripting
Document Title: =============== Tenda, Dlink & Tplink TD-W8961ND - DHCP XSS Vulnerability References (Source): ==================== https://www.vulnerability-lab.com/get_content.php?id=1990 Release Date: ============= 2016-11-28 Vulnerability Laboratory ID (VL-ID): ==================================== 1990 Common Vulnerability Scoring System: ==================================== 3.5 Abstract Advisory Information: ============================== The vulnerability laboratory research team discovered a persistent xss vulnerability in the Tenda, Dlink & Tplink 1.0.1 TD-W8961ND & ADSL2+ Modem Routers web-application. Vulnerability Disclosure Timeline: ================================== 2016-11-28: Public Disclosure (Vulnerability Laboratory) Discovery Status: ================= Published Exploitation Technique: ======================= Remote Severity Level: =============== Medium Technical Details & Description: ================================ Persistent cross site scripting vulnerability has been discovered in Tenda 1.0.1 ADSL Modem Routers. The vulnerability allows remote attackers and local privileged account to inject malicious script codes on the application-side to manipulate the router dhcp hostnames. Attackers are able to inject malicious code into the current list of DHCP clients on view, by modifying the DHCP hostname into valid xss payload. The execution of vulnerability occurs on the application-side on view events. Due to our investigation, we discovered that all models with the firmware v1.x on the web gui are affected by the security vulnerability. Remote attackers can for example make special crafted malicious pages with POST method requests to manipulate the dhcp hostname listing and client view. The security risk of the issue is estimated as medium with a cvss (common vulnerability scoring system) count of 3.5. Exploitation of the vulnerability requires no privilege web-application user account and only low user interaction. Successful exploitation of the vulnerability results in phishing attacks, session hijacking, persistent external redirect to malicious sources and persistent manipulation of affected or connected web module context. Request Method(s): [+] POST Vulnerable Module(s): [+] DHCP Client List [+] DHCP settings Vulnerable Parameter(s): [+] Hostnames Proof of Concept (PoC): ======================= Persistent vulnerability can be exploited by remote attackers with low privileged application user account and low user interaction. For security demonstration or to reproduce the vulnerability follow the provided information and steps below to continue. Manaul steps to reproduce the vulnerability ... (local) 1. Open the Router UI 2. Login as basic account 3. Open the DHCP List module via settings 4. Inject a payload to the hostnames input field 5. Save the input 6. Now the list becomes visible with all clients and the payload executes within the context 7. Successful reproduce of the vulnerability! The following code is a bash script working on supported Linux OS to change the name of DHCP hostnames to a xss payload. Save the file into vulnerablity.sh, then chmod +x vulnerability.sh. PoC: Exploit #!/bin/bash GREEN=$(tput setaf 2 && tput bold) BLUE=$(tput setaf 6 && tput bold) echo $BLUE"[+] Persistent XSS DHCP Exploiter via Routers" echo $GREEN"[+] Vulnerability founded by : Lawrence Amer " echo -n $BLUE"[~] type XSS Payload here :" read -e xss echo $xss > /etc/hostname echo $GREEN"[+]DHCP HOST NAME IS WRITTEN" Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HUM5myJWbvc Solution - Fix & Patch: ======================= The xss vulnerability can be patched by a secure parse of the hostnames client parameters. Restrict the input and disallow the usage of special chars to prevent the injection point. Parse as well the hostnames output location in the active dhcp clients list. Security Risk: ============== The security risk of the persistent xss web vulnerability in the router web-application is estimate as medium. (CVSS 3.5) Credits & Authors: ================== Vulnerability Laboratory [Research Team] - Lawrence Amer (https://www.vulnerability-lab.com/show.php?user=Lawrence%20Amer) Disclaimer & Information: ========================= The information provided in this advisory is provided as it is without any warranty. Vulnerability Lab disclaims all warranties, either expressed or implied, including the warranties of merchantability and capability for a particular purpose. Vulnerability-Lab or its suppliers are not liable in any case of damage, including direct, indirect, incidental, consequential loss of business profits or special damages, even if Vulnerability-Lab or its suppliers have been advised of the possibility of such damages. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of liability mainly for consequential or incidental damages so the foregoing limitation may not apply. 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